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The Role of Exosomes and Their Applications in Cancer

期刊

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212204

关键词

exosomes; tumor microenvironment; cancers; applications

资金

  1. Guidance Plan of Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning in China [2019-ZD-0463]
  2. Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department of China [LJKZ0939]

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Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types, have shown great potential in cancer therapy and diagnosis. They can deliver therapeutic molecules to tumor cells and serve as biomarkers for early cancer detection and treatment.
Exosomes are very small extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cell types and are extensively distributed in various biological fluids. Recent research indicated that exosomes can participate in regulating the tumor microenvironment and impacting tumor proliferation and progression. Due to the extensive enrollment in cancer development, exosomes have become a focus of the search for a new therapeutic method for cancer. Exosomes can be utilized for the therapeutic delivery of small molecules, proteins and RNAs to target cancer cells with a high efficiency. Exosome-carried proteins, lipids and nucleic acids are being tested as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, even as potential treatment targets for cancer. Moreover, different sources of exosomes exhibit multiple performances in cancer applications. In this review, we elaborate on the specific mechanism by which exosomes affect the communication between tumors and the microenvironment and state the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in cancers.

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