期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
卷 24, 期 21, 页码 17394-17406出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9393-7
关键词
Modelling; FOCUSsw; Pesticide mixtures; Risk assessment; Mediterranean surface waters
资金
- Portuguese government through the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [UID/AGR/04129/2013, UID/AMB/04085/2013, PTDC/AGR-AAM/105459/2008, SFRH/BD/89098/2013, SFRH/BPD/109199/2015]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BPD/109199/2015, PTDC/AGR-AAM/105459/2008] Funding Source: FCT
FOCUS models are used in the European regulatory risk assessment (RA) to predict individual pesticide concentrations in edge-of-field surface waters. The scenarios used in higher tier FOCUS simulations were mainly based on Central/North European, and work is needed to underpin the validity of simulated exposure profiles for Mediterranean agroecosystems. In addition, the RA of chemicals are traditionally evaluated on the basis of single substances although freshwater life is generally exposed to a multitude of pesticides. In the present study, we monitored 19 pesticides in surface waters of five locations in the Portuguese 'Leziria do Tejo' agricultural area. FOCUS step 3 simulations were performed for the South European scenarios to estimate predicted environmental concentrations (PECs). We verified that 44% of the PECs underestimated the measured environmental concentrations (MEC) of the pesticides, showing a non-compliance with the field data. Risk was assessed by comparing the environmental quality standards (EQS) and regulatory acceptable concentrations with their respective MECs. Risk of mixtures was demonstrated in 100% of the samples with insecticides accounting for 60% of the total risk identified. The overall link between the RA and the actual situation in the field must be considerably strengthened, and field studies on pesticide exposure and effects should be carried out to assist the improvement of predictive approaches used for regulatory purposes.
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