期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
卷 51, 期 21, 页码 12089-12096出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02171
关键词
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资金
- National Key Research and Development Project of China [2016YFC0207906]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41773068, 41425007]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [581280*172220261/010]
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, China [1610132016005]
- Discovery Early Career Researcher - Australian Research Council [DE170100423]
- UK BBSRC/NERC [BB/N013484/1]
China is a global hotspot of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) emissions and, as a consequence, very high nitrogen (N) deposition levels are documented. However, previous estimates of total NH3 emissions in China were much lower than inference from observed deposition values would suggest, highlighting the need for further investigation. Here, we reevaluated NH3 emissions based on a mass balance approach, validated by N deposition monitoring and satellite observations, for China for the period of 2000 to 2015. Total NH3 emissions in China increased from 12.1 +/- 0.8 Tg N yr(-1) in 2000 to 15.6 +/- 0.9 Tg N yr(-1) in 2015 at an annual rate of 1.9%, which is approximately 40% higher than existing studies suggested. This difference is mainly due to more emission sources now having been included and NH3 emission rates from mineral fertilizer application and livestock having been underestimated previously. Our estimated NH3 emission levels are consistent with the measured deposition of NHx (including NH4+ and NH3) on land (11-14 Tg N yr(-1)) and the substantial increases in NH3 concentrations observed by satellite measurements over China. These findings substantially improve our understanding on NH3 emissions, implying that future air pollution control strategies have to consider the potentials of reducing NH3 emission in China.
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