Conundrum of recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum and dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome complicating pediatric leprosy

Introduction: Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease affecting the skin and peripheral nerves, has been considered a disease of adults due to its long incubation period, but in endemic regions like the Indian subcontinent, pediatric leprosy cases continue to rise reflecting active disease transmission in the community. Case report: We describe a case of bordeline lepromatous leprosy in a child complicated by severe type 2 lepra reaction and dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome. Conclusion: Pediatric leprosy cases though commonly paucibacillary, can also present with a high bacillary burden. Complicated leprosy cases need nuanced care and highlight the importance of adequate clinical exposure to leprosy cases, so that such cases can be confidently managed.

Automated summary

Leprosy can also occur in children, with pediatric cases sometimes presenting with a high bacillary burden despite being commonly paucibacillary. Complex cases of leprosy require nuanced care, underscoring the importance of adequate clinical exposure to confidently manage such cases.