Association of lifestyle factors with osteoporosis and fracture in postmenopausal women: a Japanese cohort study

Objective: Osteoporosis is a major risk factor for fracture later in life; however, few studies have examined the association of lifestyle factors with osteoporosis and fracture. This study aimed to identify factors associated with osteoporosis and fracture in postmenopausal women. Methods: We evaluated the association between baseline characteristics and outcomes (diagnosis of osteoporosis or incidence of fracture) in 4,427 postmenopausal women who participated in the Kyushu University Fukuoka Cohort Study on lifestyle-related diseases (baseline: February 2004 to August 2007; follow-up: February 2010 to December 2012). Among the women, 626 were diagnosed as having osteoporosis without a fracture, 294 sustained a fracture without a diagnosis of osteoporosis, and 137 were diagnosed with both osteoporosis and fracture during the average 5.3-year follow-up period; the remaining 3,370 participants were not diagnosed with osteoporosis or did not sustain a fracture. The association between lifestyle factors and the occurrence of osteoporosis and fracture was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: Skipping breakfast was associated negatively with osteoporosis without fracture (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, P= 0.009) but positively with fracture without osteoporosis (OR = 2.30, P = 0.0009). Glycated hemoglobin Al c levels were associated negatively with osteoporosis without fracture (OR = 0.81, P= 0.0003) but positively with fracture without osteoporosis (OR = 1.18, P = 0.03). Parental history of fracture and extraversion personality trait were both associated with fracture without osteoporosis. Conclusions: Osteoporosis and fracture showed different association patterns with lifestyle factors, and no factors were correlated with an increase in both osteoporosis and fracture.

Automated summary

Not eating breakfast was positively associated with fracture without osteoporosis, while glycated hemoglobin Alc levels were positively associated with fracture without osteoporosis. Parental history of fracture and extraversion personality trait were also associated with fracture without osteoporosis.