期刊
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
卷 10, 期 10, 页码 2180-2189出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7ee01292f
关键词
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资金
- European Research Council through an ERC Starting Grant [ERC-2014-STG-639526]
- Cambridge Commonwealth, European & International Trust
- Marie Sklodowska Curie Fellowship [H2020-MSCAIF-2015-702868]
- EPSRC Cambridge NanoDTC [EP/G037221/1]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [1352598] Funding Source: researchfish
Triboelectric generators have emerged as potential candidates for mechanical energy harvesting, relying on motion-generated surface charge transfer between materials with different electron affinities. In this regard, synthetic organic materials with strong electron-donating tendencies are far less common than their electron-accepting counterparts. Nylons are notable exceptions, with odd-numbered Nylons such as Nylon-11, exhibiting electric polarisation that could further enhance the surface charge density crucial to triboelectric generator performance. However, the fabrication of Nylon-11 in the required polarised delta'-phase typically requires extremely rapid crystallisation, such as melt-quenching, as well as poling'' via mechanical stretching and/or large electric fields for dipolar alignment. Here, we propose an alternative one-step, near room-temperature fabrication method, namely gas-flow assisted nano-template (GANT) infiltration, by which highly crystalline self-poled'' delta'-phase Nylon-11 nanowires are grown from solution within nanoporous anodised aluminium oxide (AAO) templates. Our gas-flow assisted method allows for controlled crystallisation of the delta'-phase of Nylon-11 through rapid solvent evaporation and an artificially generated extreme temperature gradient within the nanopores of the AAO template, as accurately predicted by finite-element simulations. Furthermore, preferential crystal orientation originating from template-induced nano-confinement effects leads to self-poled delta'-phase Nylon-11 nanowires with higher surface charge distribution than melt-quenched Nylon-11 films, as observed by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Correspondingly, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device based on as-grown templated Nylon-11 nanowires fabricated via GANT infiltration showed a ten-fold increase in output power density as compared to an aluminium-based triboelectric generator, when subjected to identical mechanical excitations.
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