期刊
COMPREHENSIVE PHYSIOLOGY
卷 11, 期 3, 页码 2017-2045出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200012
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类别
资金
- Canadian Institute of Health Research
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation
- Leducq Foundation
- Cystic Fibrosis Canada
- Swiss National Science Foundation
The Epithelial Na+ Channel (ENaC) plays a critical role in regulating salt and fluid homeostasis in the body, controlling fluid reabsorption in the kidney, lung, and colon. Major advances over the past 25 years have been made in understanding ENaC structure, function, regulation, and its role in human diseases, including mutations associated with hypertension, hypotension, and other disorders.
The Epithelial Na+ Channel, ENaC, comprised of 3 subunits (alpha beta gamma, or sometimes delta beta gamma ENaC), plays a critical role in regulating salt and fluid homeostasis in the body. It regulates fluid reabsorption into the blood stream from the kidney to control blood volume and pressure, fluid absorption in the lung to control alveolar fluid clearance at birth and maintenance of normal airway surface liquid throughout life, and fluid absorption in the distal colon and other epithelial tissues. Moreover, recent studies have also revealed a role for sodium movement via ENaC in nonepithelial cells/tissues, such as endothelial cells in blood vessels and neurons. Over the past 25 years, major advances have been made in our understanding of ENaC structure, function, regulation, and role in human disease. These include the recently solved three-dimensional structure of ENaC, ENaC function in various tissues, and mutations in ENaC that cause a hereditary form of hypertension (Liddle syndrome), salt-wasting hypotension (PHA1), or polymorphism in ENaC that contributes to other diseases (such as cystic fibrosis). Moreover, great strides have been made in deciphering the regulation of ENaC by hormones (e.g., the mineralocorticoid aldosterone, glucocorticoids, vasopressin), ions (e.g., Na+), proteins (e.g., the ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-2, the kinases SGK1, AKT, AMPK, WNKs & mTORC2, and proteases), and posttranslational modifications [e.g., (de)ubiquitylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, palmitoylation]. Characterization of ENaC structure, function, regulation, and role in human disease, including using animal models, are described in this article, with a special emphasis on recent advances in the field. (C) 2021 American Physiological Society.
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