Biochar surface functional groups as affected by biomass feedstock, biochar composition and pyrolysis temperature

By testing 92 different biochars, this study had the objective to determine the relations between simple physicochemical characteristics of biochar (elemental composition, ash fraction, specific surface area, process parameters) and infrared sorption characteristics revealing the presence of specific functional groups. The results of Diffusive Reflection Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy were statistically analyzed with multiple linear regression techniques and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with the biochar characterization parameters as model inputs. The dominant parameters affecting the functional group signals were the pyrolysis temperature, the H/C-ratio and specific surface area of the biochar and the ash fraction. Regression models were able to explain 60-90% of data variance for specific peaks in the DRIFTS-spectra. The application of PCA could further reduce the input parameters to three main factors explaining 70.8% of total data variance. Biplots of the first two main factors showed the similarity of infrared spectra of biochars produced at 300 and 450 degrees C, whereas a pyrolysis temperature of 600 degrees C lead to a partial and a 750 degrees C to a nearly complete loss of biochar surface functional groups.

Automated summary

This study tested 92 types of biochar to determine the relationship between its characteristics and infrared sorption. The results showed that parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, H/C ratio, specific surface area, and ash fraction were key factors affecting the functional group signals. Regression and PCA analysis were able to explain a significant portion of data variance.