Strengthening global governance of Large Marine Ecosystems by incorporating coastal management and Marine Protected Areas

After 20 years of programming GEF International Waters (IW) LME projects, it is time to assemble experiences and promote learning and capacity building among the projects in the LME portfolio. This review is focused on strengthening the multi-scale approach to LME governance by reviewing existing approaches and advocating the incorporation of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) at local scales into all GEF-funded LME projects. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.