The Significance of the Written Word in European-Mamluk Diplomatic Missions

The article addresses the use of the written language in relations between European states and the Mamluk sultanate (Egypt-Syria, 1250-1517), focusing on chancery sources relating to diplomatic missions to Cairo. In the first part, the author presents an overview of the documents that marked the various stages of embassies to the sultan's court (authorities' instructions, cover letters, safe-conducts, Mamluk chancery documents, etc.). By analysing the nature of these sources, the article aims to show their utility for the purpose of diplomatic interaction. In the second part, the study focuses on the significance of the written language, examining in particular the relationship between the rhetoric of the diplomatic discourse and its actual usefulness. In dealing with some specific aspects of the chancery instruments (commercial clauses, religious issues), the article highlights the active force of the written word in keeping diplomatic dialogue alive despite all the possible differences or contrasts.

Automated summary

This article examines the use of written language in diplomacy between European states and the Mamluk Sultanate. It analyzes the different types of documents used during diplomatic missions to Cairo and highlights the significance of the written word in maintaining diplomatic dialogue. The study also explores the relationship between rhetoric and practical usefulness in diplomatic discourse.