期刊
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
卷 4, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw219
关键词
addiction; antiretroviral therapy; HIV/AIDS; physician behavior; prisoner
资金
- National Institute on Drug Abuse [R01 DA025943, K24 DA017072, K01 DA038529, K23 DA032306]
- University of Malaya High Impact Research Grant [E-000001-20001]
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R25 TW009338]
- Fogarty International Center [R25 TW009338]
- Yale University (Yale College Fellowship for Research in Health Studies)
Background. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), yet physician attitudes and prescribing behaviors toward members of key risk populations may limit ART access and undermine treatment as prevention strategies. Methods. Physicians in Malaysia (N = 214) who prescribe antiretroviral therapy (ART) responded in an Internet-based survey to hypothetical clinical scenarios of HIV patients, varying by key risk population and CD4(+)T-cell count, on whether they would initiate or defer ART compared with a control patient with sexually acquired HIV. Results. The proportion of physicians who would defer ART in patients with advanced HIV (CD4 = 17 cells/mu L) was significantly higher (P <.0001) for 4 key populations, including people who inject drugs ([PWID] 45.3%) or consume alcohol (42.1%), released prisoners (35.0%), and those lacking social support (26.6%), compared with a control patient (4.2%). People who inject drugs with advanced HIV (CD4 = 17 cells/mu L) were 19-fold (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 18.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.836.5) more likely to have ART deferred compared with the control. This effect was partially mitigated for PWID receiving methadone (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.5-5.7). At the highest CD4+T-cell count (CD4 = 470 cells/mu L), sex workers (AOR = 0.55; 95% CI,.44-. 70) and patients with an HIV-uninfected sexual partner (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI,.34-. 57) were significantly less likely to have ART deferred. Conclusions. Physicians who prescribe antiretroviral therapy in Malaysia may defer ART in some key populations including PWID and released prisoners, regardless of CD4(+)T-cell count, which may help to explain very low rates of ART coverage among PWID in Malaysia. Reducing HIV incidence and mortality in Malaysia, where HIV is concentrated in PWID and other key populations, requires clinician-level interventions and monitoring physician adherence to international evidence-based treatment guidelines.
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