Genome-wise engineering of ruminant nutrition- nutrigenomics: applications, challenges, and future perspectives - a review

Use of genomic information in ruminant production systems can help relieve concerns related to food security and sustainability of production. Nutritional genomics (i.e., Nutrigenomics) is a field of research that is interested in all types of reciprocal interactions between nutrients and genomes of organisms, i.e., variable patterns of gene expression and effect of genetic variations on the nutritional environment. Devising a revolutionizing analytical approach to traditional ruminant nutrition research, the relatively novel area of ruminant nutrigenomics has several studies concerning different aspects of animal production systems. This paper aims to review the current nutrigenomics research in the frame of how nutrition of ruminants can be modified accounting for individual genetic backgrounds and gene/diet relationships behind productivity, quality, efficiency, disease resistance, fertility, and GHG emissions. Furthermore, current challenges facing ruminant nutrigenomics are evaluated and future directions for the novel area are strongly argued by this review.

Automated summary

The use of genomic information in ruminant production systems can address concerns related to food security and sustainability. Nutritional genomics focuses on the interactions between nutrients and genomes, affecting gene expression patterns and genetic variations. The emerging field of ruminant nutrigenomics aims to modify ruminant nutrition based on individual genetic backgrounds, impacting productivity, quality, efficiency, disease resistance, fertility, and greenhouse gas emissions. Challenges and future directions in ruminant nutrigenomics are important areas of focus.