An Optimum Sustainable Inventory Model for Non-Instantaneous Deterioration and Quality Assessment Under Carbon Emissions and Complete Backordering Shortage

Nowadays, some countries have concentrated on curbing carbon emissions because carbon emissions are the key factor for global warming. So, during developing the inventory model, consideration of carbon emission has become essential. In the modern competitive and transparent businesses era, maintaining the quality of products as well as environmental performance is emerging concerns. Therefore, many retailers/buyers segregate perfect quality products from defective quality, ones to ensure product quality, and they endeavor to attain the emission of carbon dioxide reduction through sustainable inventory planning. Here, carbon emissions are considered due to transportation, warehousing, and deterioration. This article addresses an optimum sustainable inventory model for maximizing the profit with non-instantaneous deteriorating and defective quality products under carbon emissions and complete backordering shortage. In this model, the expected total profit and expected total carbon emissions are derived. A solution methodology has been provided to obtain jointly optimal strategies of inventory cycle time, time of depleting inventory, ordering quantity, and backordering quantity. Finally, a numerical experiment and sensitivity analysis with managerial implications are provided to illustrate the theory. The findings suggested that the proposed model is preferable both in terms of the expected total profit and the emissions reductions.

Automated summary

In today's world, some countries are focused on reducing carbon emissions, and considering carbon emissions in inventory models is crucial for sustainable business practices. Quality products and environmental performance are key concerns in modern competitive businesses, with efforts being made to reduce emissions and maintain product quality through sustainable inventory planning.