期刊
SCIENCE ADVANCES
卷 2, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500931
关键词
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资金
- German Aerospace Center (DLR)
- Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [i-link0564, CGL2012-32544, 511/2012]
- National Parks
- National Ministries
- FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) funds
- Deutsch-Israelische Projektkooperation grants (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [NA 846/1-1, WI 3576/1-1]
Annual migratory movements can range from a few tens to thousands of kilometers, creating unique energetic requirements for each specific species and journey. Even within the same species, migration costs can vary largely because of flexible, opportunistic life history strategies. We uncover the large extent of variation in the lifetime migratory decisions of young white storks originating from eight populations. Not only did juvenile storks differ in their geographically distinct wintering locations, their diverse migration patterns also affected the amount of energy individuals invested for locomotion during the first months of their life. Overwintering in areas with higher human population reduced the stork's overall energy expenditure because of shorter daily foraging trips, closer wintering grounds, or a complete suppression of migration. Because migrants can change ecological processes in several distinct communities simultaneously, understanding their life history decisions helps not only to protect migratory species but also to conserve stable ecosystems.
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