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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elisabetta Cameroni et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has raised concerns due to its 37 amino acid substitutions in the spike protein, particularly in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), leading to increased binding affinity with human ACE2. Neutralizing activity against Omicron was greatly reduced in convalescent and vaccinated individuals compared to the ancestral virus, but this decrease was less significant after a third vaccine dose. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing conserved RBD epitopes may be crucial in combating the Omicron variant and future zoonotic transmissions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lihong Liu et al.
Summary: The B.1.1.529/Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, initially detected in southern Africa, has rapidly spread globally and is expected to become dominant due to its enhanced transmissibility in the coming weeks. This variant poses a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines and antibody therapies due to its significant antibody resistance. Even individuals who have received vaccines and booster doses may have reduced neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529.
Article
Immunology
Annika Nelde et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell epitopes were identified in convalescent and unexposed individuals, showing cross-reactivity with common cold coronaviruses. The diversity of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses may be associated with mild symptoms of COVID-19.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. Garrett Rappazzo et al.
Summary: The engineered antibody ADG-2 shows enhanced neutralization breadth and potency against a wide range of sarbecoviruses, providing complete protection in SARS and COVID-19 mouse models. Structural and biochemical studies reveal that ADG-2 targets a highly conserved epitope through a unique angle of approach.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Jonathan W. Yewdell
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhiqiang Ku et al.
Summary: Antibody cocktails are a promising approach to prevent SARS-CoV-2 escape, with a combination of antibodies CoV2-06 and CoV2-14 identified as effective in preventing viral escape and providing protection in mice, offering new insights for treating COVID-19.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daming Zhou et al.
Summary: The race to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1, is ongoing as these variants have mutations in the spike protein, potentially leading to immune escape. A structure-function analysis of B.1.351 revealed tighter ACE2 binding and widespread evasion from monoclonal antibody neutralization, particularly driven by the E484K mutation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Constantinos Kurt Wibmer et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus in the B.1.351 variant discovered in South Africa can evade neutralization by most antibodies when expressed, but does not affect binding by convalescent plasma. This suggests the potential for reinfection with antigenically distinct variants and predicts reduced efficacy of spike-based vaccines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Zhang et al.
Summary: The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 is more efficient at fusing membranes at low levels of cellular receptor ACE2, possibly contributing to its heightened transmissibility. Each variant shows different rearrangement of the antigenic surface of the S protein, but only the changes in the RBD make it a better target for therapeutic antibodies.
Article
Virology
Nathaniel L. Miller et al.
Summary: Mutations in antigenic sites of SARS-CoV-2 may impact immunity from vaccination and natural infection, highlighting the importance of predicting future antigenic mutations. Mapping the epitope-paratope interfaces of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can provide insights into how viral variants evade neutralizing antibodies.
Article
Microbiology
Pengfei Wang et al.
Summary: The emerging Brazilian variant P.1 shows increased resistance to antibody neutralization, posing a threat to current antibody therapies, but has less impact on the effectiveness of protective vaccines.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Letter
Cell Biology
Lin Cheng et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David S. Khoury et al.
Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muge Cevik et al.
Summary: As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic progresses, new variants are emerging, with some highly transmissible variants like Delta raising concerns about vaccine effectiveness. Understanding the immunological correlates of protection and how laboratory findings relate to clinical effectiveness is crucial for shaping future vaccination strategies.
Article
Immunology
Frauke Muecksch et al.
Summary: This study examined the development of antibodies following infection with the coronavirus, finding that evolved antibodies had increased affinity and neutralization potency, altered mutational pathways for viral resistance, and restricted neutralization escape options. These findings suggest that increasing antibody diversity through prolonged or repeated antigen exposure may improve protection against diversifying populations of the virus and other pandemic threat coronaviruses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zijun Wang et al.
Summary: Despite challenges posed by COVID-19 variants, convalescent individuals receiving mRNA vaccines exhibit robust and long-lasting immune responses against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing hope for effective control of the pandemic.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tyler N. Starr et al.
Summary: An ideal therapeutic anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody should have resistance to viral escape, activity against diverse sarbecoviruses, and provide high protection through viral neutralization and effector functions. Studies have found a trade-off between in vitro neutralization potency and breadth of sarbecovirus binding in SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting the RBD, but identified some antibodies with exceptional sarbecovirus breadth and resistance to SARS-CoV-2 escape.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabian Schmidt et al.
Summary: The number and variability of neutralizing epitopes targeted by polyclonal antibodies in individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 or been vaccinated play a crucial role in determining the breadth of neutralization and the genetic barrier to viral escape. Studying HIV-1 pseudotypes and plasma selection experiments, it was found that human polyclonal antibodies target multiple neutralizing epitopes within and outside the receptor-binding domain, and antibody targets coincide with spike sequences enriched for diversity in natural SARS-CoV-2 populations. Combining plasma-selected spike substitutions led to the generation of 'polymutant' spike protein pseudotypes that resist neutralization by polyclonal antibodies to a similar extent as circulating variants of concern. Plasma from individuals who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently received mRNA vaccination was able to neutralize highly resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants, suggesting that optimally elicited polyclonal antibodies can provide protection against future SARS-CoV-2 variations and potential sarbecovirus pandemics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tzu-Jing Yang et al.
Summary: The spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant exhibits mutations that affect virus binding to the host ACE2 receptor and immune evasion. The A570D and N501Y mutations have been shown to impact the stability of the spike protein structure, and an introduced neutralizing antibody can effectively neutralize different strains of the virus.
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meng Yuan et al.
Summary: Mutations in the RBS residues of new variant strains of the coronavirus can affect the binding and neutralizing effects of antibodies, but have little impact on antibodies targeting more conserved neutralizing sites.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kathryn M. Hastie et al.
Summary: Antibody-based therapeutics and vaccines are crucial in combating COVID-19, especially with mutations and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. An international consortium identified multiple RBD-directed antibody communities, providing a framework for selecting treatment cocktails.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Allison J. Greaney et al.
Summary: The study found that although the human immune system can produce antibodies that target diverse RBD epitopes, in practice, the polyclonal response to infection tends to be skewed towards a single class of antibodies targeting an epitope that is already undergoing rapid evolution.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Jiri Zahradnik et al.
Summary: In vitro evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain successfully generated a high-affinity variant effective in inhibiting virus infection. Mutations present in more transmissible viruses were preferentially selected, and increased affinity to ACE2 was positively correlated with the incidence of RBD mutations in the population. The study also identified mutations with potential higher infectivity, and the high-affinity RBD variant showed efficacy in inhibiting infection in vitro and reducing clinical disease in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antoni G. Wrobel et al.
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meng Yuan et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher O. Barnes et al.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charles R. Harris et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Roberto Melero et al.
Article
Microbiology
Tongqing Zhou et al.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew Waterhouse et al.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2018)
Article
Microbiology
Abimbola O. Kolawole et al.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Anurag Sethi et al.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2013)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Venkataramanan Soundararajan et al.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2011)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Evgeny Krissinel et al.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2007)
Article
Virology
V Kalia et al.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2005)
