Response of Tomato-Pseudomonas Pathosystem to Mild Heat Stress

Higher plants suffer from mild heat stress when temperatures increase by 5 degrees C above optimum growth temperatures. This produces changes at the cellular and metabolic levels, allowing plants to adapt to heat conditions. This study investigated an increase of 5 degrees C above the optimum growth temperature (26 degrees C) of tomato plants in the tomato-Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato pathosystem. A temperature increase above 26 degrees C affects plant development, the defensive pathways activated against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (PstDC3000), and the bacterial growth and virulence machinery. The results demonstrated that tomato plants were able to acclimate to mild heat stress, showing no symptoms of damage. Moreover, plants subjected to a 5 degrees C increase (T31 degrees C plants) showed higher basal levels of metabolites such as proline and putrescine, which probably act as compatible osmolytes. This demonstrates their importance as key components of thermotolerance. When grown under mild heat stress, plants were less susceptible to PstDC3000 and showed increased accumulation of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid-isoleucine, and spermine. In addition, the temperature increase negatively affected the infectivity of PstDC3000. Inhibition of the genes responsible for quorum sensing establishment and synthesis of flagellin and coronatine was observed in bacteria extracted from T31 degrees C plants. Analysis of the genes involved in the synthesis of the type III secretion system indicates the important role of this system in bacterial growth under these conditions. As the known resistance mechanisms involved in the defense against PstDC3000 were not activated, the changes in its virulence mechanisms under high temperatures may explain the lower infection observed in the T31 degrees C plants.

Automated summary

Mild heat stress affects the development of tomato plants, the defense mechanisms against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, and the growth and virulence machinery of bacteria. Tomato plants are able to adapt to heat stress and show higher thermotolerance, while producing certain metabolites to cope with this environment. Under high temperatures, plants are less susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato infection, and the increased temperature negatively affects bacterial infectivity.