期刊
WATER RESOURCES AND INDUSTRY
卷 27, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2022.100171
关键词
Membrane fouling; Reverse osmosis; Silica scaling; PHREEQC
资金
- [730390]
This study investigates the effects of divalent cations on silica scaling, and finds that under certain conditions, the limit of silica can be extended to 280 mg/L.
Silica scaling is one of the major scaling challenges in Reverse Osmosis (RO). The safe operation practice is to keep the silica concentration below 150 mg/L in RO concentrate. This study addresses the effects of divalent cations such as calcium and magnesium on silica scaling in a seawater RO installation used as a pretreatment to Eutectic Freeze Crystallisation (EFC). Results showed that in the absence of antiscalant and divalent cations a sustained silica concentration of approximately 280 mg/L in concentrate is possible without declining membrane permeability. At a higher concentration of divalent cations, the membrane permeability decreased. Membrane autopsy and analysing destructed membrane showed a relatively low magnesium and a high calcium concentration on the membrane after adding divalent ions into the solutions. It is concluded that in absence of divalent cations and without antiscalant the limits of 150 mg/L silica can be extended to 280 mg/L for 6-8 h.
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