期刊
DISEASES
卷 10, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/diseases10010011
关键词
liquid biopsy; brain metastasis; circulating tumour cells; extracellular vesicles; diagnostic; predictive; prognostic
资金
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [APP1017028]
Primary malignancies of the lung, skin, and breast are prone to metastasize to the brain. Advances in molecular tumor profiling have improved patient outcomes, but overall prognosis remains poor. Continued research to identify new biomarkers is crucial for better risk stratification and more effective treatments.
Primary malignancies of the lung, skin (melanoma), and breast have higher propensity for metastatic spread to the brain. Advances in molecular tumour profiling have aided the development of targeted therapies, stereotactic radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, which have led to some improvement in patient outcomes; however, the overall prognosis remains poor. Continued research to identify new prognostic and predictive biomarkers is necessary to further impact patient outcomes, as this will enable better risk stratification at the point of primary cancer diagnosis, earlier detection of metastatic deposits (for example, through surveillance), and more effective systemic treatments. Brain metastases exhibit considerable inter- and intratumoural heterogeneity-apart from distinct histology, treatment history and other clinical factors, the metastatic brain tumour microenvironment is incredibly variable both in terms of subclonal diversity and cellular composition. This review discusses emerging biomarkers; specifically, the biological context and potential clinical utility of tumour tissue biomarkers, circulating tumour cells, extracellular vesicles, and circulating tumour DNA.
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