Geographic patterns of genetic diversity and fertility restoration ability of Asian and African origin pearl millet populations

A set of 45 diverse Asian and African origin/bred populations of pearl millet were investigated multi-locationally for morphological traits including grain yield and assessed for their fertility restoration ability on three cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems in two contrasting seasons. Significant genetic variation was found for all the yield linked traits. Multivariate analysis for grain yield and its component traits grouped these populations into five clusters. Most of the Asian origin populations grouped into single cluster (Cluster III) and separated from the rest of the African origin populations indicating the presence of correspondence between clustering pattern and geographical origin of the populations. Clusters dominated with Asian populations (As-As) had linkages with early flowering, short plant height, more number of tillers, small and thin panicles, small seeded and low grain yield compared to the clusters dominated by African populations (Af-Af) or African origin and Asian bred (Af-As) populations. Genetically related populations having common parentage were found grouped in same clusters. Fertility restoration/maintainer frequency of 45 populations on three diverse CMS systems revealed that overall fertility restoration frequency was highest for A(1) (86%) followed by A(4) (37%) and for A(5) (7%) CMS system. Five populations were identified as potential sources for developing maintainer lines for all three CMS systems and eight populations were identified specifically for A(4) and A(5) CMS systems. A set of 11 and four populations were identified for restorer line development exclusively for A(1) and A(5) CMS system, respectively. Six populations were identified for the development of dual restorers for both A(1) and A(4) CMS system. (C) 2021 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Automated summary

A study was conducted on 45 diverse Asian and African populations of pearl millet to assess their fertility restoration ability on three cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems. Genetic variation was found for yield-related traits and populations were grouped based on their origin. Fertility restoration frequency varied among the CMS systems, with some populations identified as potential sources for maintainer or restorer lines.