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Tumour-infiltrating B cells: immunological mechanisms, clinical impact and therapeutic opportunities

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NATURE REVIEWS CANCER
卷 22, 期 7, 页码 414-430

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NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00466-1

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  1. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [429161]
  2. Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR) [RT-2020-0630]
  3. CIHR (Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship) [FBD - 177882]
  4. National Institutes of Health [NIH P30 CA014195]
  5. 2021 Metavivor Early Career Investigator Award
  6. San Diego Padres Pedal the Cause C3 Collaborative Translational Cancer Pilot Project Award

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Tumour-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells have a crucial role in tumour control, promoting antitumour immunity through unique antigen presentation, assembling and perpetuating immunologically 'hot' tumour microenvironments, combating immune editing and tumour heterogeneity.
Although immunotherapy research to date has focused largely on T cells, there is mounting evidence that tumour-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells (collectively referred to as tumour-infiltrating Blymphocytes (TIL-Bs)) have a crucial, synergistic role in tumour control. In many cancers, TIL-Bs have demonstrated strong predictive and prognostic significance in the context of both standard treatments and immune checkpoint blockade, offering the prospect of new therapeutic opportunities that leverage their unique immunological properties. Drawing insights from autoimmunity, we review the molecular phenotypes, architectural contexts, antigen specificities, effector mechanisms and regulatory pathways relevant to TIL-Bs in human cancer. Although the field is young, the emerging picture is that TIL-Bs promote antitumour immunity through their unique mode of antigen presentation to T cells; their role in assembling and perpetuating immunologically 'hot' tumour microenvironments involving T cells, myeloid cells and natural killer cells; and their potential to combat immune editing and tumour heterogeneity through the easing of self-tolerance mechanisms. We end by discussing the most promising approaches to enhance TIL-B responses in concert with other immune cell subsets to extend the reach, potency and durability of cancer immunotherapy.

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