期刊
INORGANICS
卷 10, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10040046
关键词
SnO2; transition metal doping; reaction mechanism; anode; lithium battery
资金
- Vector Foundation within the NEW E2 project
- Helmholtz Association
- EPSRC JUICED Energy hub project [EP/R023662/1]
The incorporation of transition metals, such as Co, Fe, and Mn, into SnO2 significantly improves the reversibility of the conversion and alloying reaction in lithium-ion batteries, particularly when multiple dopants are introduced. Here, we report a detailed characterization of Co and Mn co-doped SnO2 using transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. In-depth investigations of the crystal structure and dopant distribution, along with ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, help better understand the de-/lithiation mechanism and the synergistic impact of Co and Mn co-doping.
The incorporation of transition metals (TMs) such as Co, Fe, and Mn into SnO2 substantially improves the reversibility of the conversion and the alloying reaction when used as a negative electrode active material in lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, it was shown that the specific benefits of different TM dopants can be combined when introducing more than one dopant into the SnO2 lattice. Herein, a careful characterization of Co and Mn co-doped SnO2 via transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction including Rietveld refinement is reported. Based on this in-depth investigation of the crystal structure and the distribution of the two TM dopants within the lattice, an ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy were performed to better understand the de-/lithiation mechanism and the synergistic impact of the Co and Mn co-doping. The results specifically suggest that the antithetical redox behaviour of the two dopants might play a decisive role for the enhanced reversibility of the de-/lithiation reaction.
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