Disaggregation bands as an indicator for slow creep activity on blind faults

Hidden, blind faults have a strong seismic hazard potential. Consequently, there is a great demand for a robust geological indicator of neotectonic activity on such faults. Here, we conduct field measurements of disaggregation bands above known underlying blind faults at several locations in Central Europe. We observe that the disaggregation bands have the same orientation as that of the faults, indicating their close connection. Disaggregation bands develop in unconsolidated, near-surface, sandy sediments. They form by shear-related reorganization of the sediment fabric, as a consequence of grain rolling and sliding processes, which can reduce the porosity. Using an analogue shearing experiment, we show that disaggregation bands can form at a velocity of 2 cm h(-1), which is several orders of magnitude slower than seismogenic fault-slip velocities. Based on the field data and the experiments, we infer that disaggregation bands can form in the process zone of active blind faults and serve as an indicator of neotectonic activity, even if the fault creeps at very low slip velocity. Disaggregation bands could open a new path to detect hidden active faults undergoing aseismic movements. Disaggregation bands can be formed by slow-slip and creep behaviour which could allow them to be used to identify activity on blind faults and aid seismic hazard assessment, according to analogue sandbox experiments and observations of natural structures

Automated summary

Hidden blind faults have a high seismic hazard potential, and there is a need for a reliable geological indicator of neotectonic activity on such faults. Field measurements show that disaggregation bands have the same orientation as the faults and can serve as an indicator of neotectonic activity on blind faults, even at low slip velocities. Disaggregation bands can be used to detect hidden active faults undergoing aseismic movements.