Studies on urinary excretion and variability of dietary iodine in healthy Japanese adults

The daily consumption of iodine in Japan is higher than in most countries, and there are few reports on iodine metabolism and variance of habitual iodine ingestion in an iodine-sufficient area. To elucidate the patterns of short-term urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and long-term variability of habitual iodine intake. the urinary iodine excretion process after a high dietary iodine load of 3 mg was observed in eight Japanese adults under strict supervision with complete urine collections for three days. In addition, estimated UIE and dietary iodine intake (DII) were assessed in 24 university students using repeated spot urine samples of ten consecutive days and a food frequency questionnaire in each of the four seasons. Approximately 50, 75 and 90% of orally ingested iodine was excreted into the urine at 8, 13 and 22 hours after ingestion, respectively. Almost an equal amount of ingested iodine in meals was cleared within 33.5 h after eating with a maximum excretion rate at 1-4 h. There was a high fluctuation in the UIE and DII in the university students. The intra- and inter-individual crude coefficients of variation were 123 or 294.7% for UTE, and 58.3 or 88.7% for DII, respectively, indicating a higher variance of habitual iodine intake than in other countries. The frequency of occurrence for UTE above 3 mg was every 43 days. Rapid renal clearance of iodine and high variability as well as low frequency of dietary iodine intake might prevent people from being exposed to an excess iodine intake over the long term in Japan.

Automated summary

The study found that the daily iodine consumption in Japan is higher than in most countries, and there is a high variability in habitual iodine intake among individuals in Japan. After ingesting a high iodine diet, approximately 50%, 75%, and 90% of the ingested iodine was excreted into the urine at 8, 13, and 22 hours, respectively. University students showed significant fluctuations in urinary iodine excretion and dietary iodine intake, indicating a higher variance of habitual iodine intake compared to other countries.