Nudging with care: the risks and benefits of social information

Nudges are popular types of interventions. Recent years have seen the rise of 'norm-nudges'-nudges whose mechanism of action relies on social norms, eliciting or changing social expectations. Norm-nudges can be powerful interventions, but they can easily fail to be effective and can even backfire unless they are designed with care. We highlight important considerations when designing norm-nudges and discuss a general model of social behavior based on social expectations and conditional preferences. We present the results of several experiments wherein norm-nudging can backfire, and ways to avoid those negative outcomes.

Automated summary

This article discusses important considerations in designing norm-nudges and presents a general model of social behavior based on social expectations and conditional preferences. The results of several experiments show that norm-nudging can backfire and provides ways to avoid negative outcomes.