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Article
Infectious Diseases
Dirk Eggink et al.
Summary: Infection with the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant is increasing rapidly worldwide. Vaccination or previous infection-induced immunity is less effective against the Omicron variant compared to the Delta variant.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Brian Grunau et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Timothy A. Bates et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Kathy Leung et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juan Manuel Carreno et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, first identified in South Africa and Botswana in November 2021, has rapidly spread globally with high transmissibility. It has an unprecedented number of mutations in its spike gene, leading to immune escape and reduced vaccine efficacy. The neutralizing and binding activity against Omicron varies among individuals with different vaccination and infection histories.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elisabetta Cameroni et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has raised concerns due to its 37 amino acid substitutions in the spike protein, particularly in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), leading to increased binding affinity with human ACE2. Neutralizing activity against Omicron was greatly reduced in convalescent and vaccinated individuals compared to the ancestral virus, but this decrease was less significant after a third vaccine dose. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing conserved RBD epitopes may be crucial in combating the Omicron variant and future zoonotic transmissions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandile Cele et al.
Summary: The study found that the Omicron variant has reduced neutralizing effectiveness in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2, but those who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed better neutralization against Omicron.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lihong Liu et al.
Summary: The B.1.1.529/Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, initially detected in southern Africa, has rapidly spread globally and is expected to become dominant due to its enhanced transmissibility in the coming weeks. This variant poses a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines and antibody therapies due to its significant antibody resistance. Even individuals who have received vaccines and booster doses may have reduced neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henning Gruell et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is greatly reduced in individuals who received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine or have recovered from the disease, but is significantly increased after a booster vaccine dose.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter B. Gilbert et al.
Summary: In the COVE phase 3 clinical trial, neutralizing and binding antibodies were measured in vaccine recipients to determine their correlation with COVID-19 risk and vaccine efficacy. The results showed that these immune markers were inversely associated with COVID-19 risk and directly associated with vaccine efficacy. Postvaccination neutralization titers of 10, 100, and 1000 correlated with estimated vaccine efficacies of 78%, 91%, and 96% respectively.
Article
Immunology
Ryutaro Kotaki et al.
Summary: Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly Beta and Omicron, have the potential to evade neutralizing antibodies, even in those who have received two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. However, boosting with a third vaccine dose or breakthrough infection can improve the overall breadth of neutralizing antibodies. This study longitudinally profiles the cellular composition of RBD-binding memory B cell subsets and their antibody binding and neutralizing activity after the second dose of mRNA vaccine. It finds that two doses of mRNA vaccine induce an expanded antibody breadth over time, while a subset of resting memory B cells show the ability to produce Beta and Omicron-neutralizing antibodies.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Deborah Cromer et al.
Summary: By analyzing data on in-vitro neutralization and clinical protection, the study found that neutralizing activity against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 is highly correlated with neutralization of variants of concern, and can still predict the vaccine's protection against these variants. Simulation results suggest that booster vaccination for previously infected individuals can provide higher levels of protection compared to primary vaccination. Although the protection may decrease within the first year after vaccination, the current vaccines can still offer robust protection in the medium term.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juliet R. C. Pulliam et al.
Summary: This study provides two methods for monitoring reinfection trends in routine surveillance data. The results suggest immune evasion by the Omicron variant in previously infected individuals in South Africa, and there has been an increase in the risk of having a third infection since mid-November 2021.
Article
Cell Biology
Venkata-Viswanadh Edara et al.
Summary: The study indicates that a two-dose vaccination may not provide sufficient neutralizing antibody responses against the omicron variant, with a significant reduction in neutralizing activity observed after six months. However, COVID-19-recovered individuals still retain some level of neutralizing antibody responses. A third dose (booster shot) is necessary to enhance the neutralizing activity against the omicron variant.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebecca P. Payne et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that the first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine can induce protection against the B.1.1.7 variant within weeks, and extending the interval between doses can result in higher levels of neutralizing antibody response. Prior infection with the virus can accelerate the immune response.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine McMahan et al.
Summary: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques, while higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Virology
Hideki Tani et al.
Summary: An alternative assay was developed to measure SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, and a new chemiluminescence reduction neutralization test (CRNT) was found to be highly specific and sensitive for evaluating the occurrence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a BSL-2 laboratory.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuo Feng et al.
Summary: Defined levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies elicited by the COVID-19 vaccine were identified as correlates of protection against symptomatic infection. Higher levels of immune markers were correlated with a reduced risk of symptomatic infection. The data can be used to extrapolate efficacy estimates to new populations.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Merryn Voysey et al.
Summary: The AZD1222 vaccine has been approved for emergency use in the UK with an interval of 4-12 weeks between doses. Analysis shows that the vaccine is efficacious with two doses and provides immunoprotection after the first dose before the second dose is administered.
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lesley Scott et al.
Article
Immunology
Taishi Onodera et al.
Summary: A potent neutralizing antibody targeting the spike protein receptor-binding site was identified, which can effectively neutralize various SARS-related coronaviruses and their variants, through coordinated recognition of non-RBS conserved sites and RBS. The antibody's ability to reduce virus titers and morbidity through low-dose therapeutic treatment in hamsters suggests potential for therapeutic and vaccine design to combat broad spectrum of coronaviruses.
Article
Immunology
Saya Moriyama et al.
Summary: Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 decrease over time, but the neutralizing potency against the original virus and variants actually improves with time. Late convalescent antibodies show increased neutralization potency against variants, suggesting that antibody response maturation enhances cross-neutralizing ability against circulating variants. This indicates that declining antibody titers may not necessarily mean declining protection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jackson S. Turner et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce a persistent germinal centre B cell response in humans, leading to the generation of robust humoral immunity, especially more significant in individuals previously infected with the virus.
