Herpesvirus infections and post-COVID-19 manifestations: a pilot observational study

Review Rheumatology

Long COVID from rheumatology perspective - a narrative review

Hem Raj Sapkota et al.

Summary: Long COVID, a long-term sequel of acute COVID-19, presents persistent or relapsing symptoms such as fatigue, breathlessness, and myalgia, which can be difficult to differentiate from rheumatic diseases.

CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Rheumatology

Long COVID: rheumatologic/musculoskeletal symptoms in hospitalized COVID-19 survivors at 3 and 6 months

Fatih Karaarslan et al.

Summary: Approximately 3 in 5 patients had at least one symptom, with approximate to 2 in 5 patients experienced at least one rheumatic and musculoskeletal symptom. Fatigue, joint pain, and myalgia were the most frequent rheumatic and musculoskeletal symptoms.

CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Rheumatology

Long COVID from rheumatology perspective: a simple mimicker or promoter of autoimmunity?

Alexandros A. Drosos et al.

CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

How and why patients made Long Covid

Felicity Callard et al.

Summary: Patients collectively created "Long Covid" and similar terms during the early months of the pandemic, demonstrating a longer and more complex illness course than initially reported. They used social media to spread their experiences and influence formal clinical and policy channels, showing how patients can contribute to changing the understanding and treatment of COVID-19.

SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

EBV DNA increase in COVID-19 patients with impaired lymphocyte subpopulation count

Stefania Paolucci et al.

Summary: This study monitored the immunologic profile and opportunistic viral DNA increase in Italian patients with COVID-19 to identify markers of disease severity. It found a correlation between reduced CD8(+) T cells and NK counts, elevated EBV DNA levels, and COVID-19 severity, highlighting the importance of further evaluating the relationship between EBV load and disease severity in longitudinal studies.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study (Publication with Expression of Concern. See vol. 401, pg. 90, 2023)

Chaolin Huang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-term health consequences of discharged COVID-19 patients and associated risk factors, particularly disease severity. Patients with more severe illness during hospitalization showed more severe impaired pulmonary diffusion capacities and abnormal chest imaging manifestations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for long-term recovery.

LANCET (2021)

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Review Immunology

Epstein-Barr Virus and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Gunnar Houen et al.

Summary: Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a highly successful human herpes virus that infects essentially all humans at some point in their lives. EBV primarily spreads through saliva and can lead to infectious mononucleosis. The infection results in an immune response and production of antibodies, which can cause chronic relapsing/reactivating infections.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mitochondrial translation is required for sustained killing by cytotoxic T cells

Miriam Lisci et al.

Summary: This study revealed that CTLs require mitochondria for target cell-killing, and this requirement is linked to mitochondrial translation. Inhibition of mitochondrial translation impairs CTL killing by triggering attenuated cytosolic translation, leading to a reduced capacity for sustained killing. Mitochondria emerge as a previously unappreciated homeostatic regulator of protein translation required for serial CTL killing.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Metabolic programs define dysfunctional immune responses in severe COVID-19 patients

Elizabeth A. Thompson et al.

Summary: The study identifies a unique population of T cells expressing increased VDAC1 in severe and recovered COVID-19 patients, associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Additionally, specific metabolic phenotypes of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in COVID-19 patients can distinguish between severe and mild disease. These findings offer insight into dysfunctional immune response in COVID-19 patients and potential for developing personalized therapeutic approaches.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: The Human Herpesviruses Are Back!

Maria Eugenia Ariza

Summary: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic multisystem illness with unknown etiology and lacks specific biomarkers for diagnosis. Initial studies suggested a potential role of human herpesviruses, especially EBV, in the disease process, and new research has shown that specific proteins encoded by EBV may contribute to immune and neurological abnormalities in ME/CFS patients.

BIOMOLECULES (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Sequelae in Adults at 6 Months After COVID-19 Infection

Jennifer K. Logue et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

SARS-CoV-2 and EBV; the cost of a second mitochondrial whammy?

Alistair V. W. Nunn et al.

Summary: Good mitochondrial health may play a key role in determining the severity of COVID-19, especially in older populations who are more susceptible to infection. Viruses have the ability to manipulate mitochondrial function and may impact the ageing process, with slowing ageing potentially linked to better economic outcomes.

IMMUNITY & AGEING (2021)

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Review Rheumatology

COVID-19 and the clinical course of rheumatic manifestations

Sakir Ahmed et al.

Summary: COVID-19 can lead to various autoimmune disorders, post-COVID-19 syndromes, and multi-system inflammatory syndrome. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 may cause endotheliitis and thrombosis, activate immune systems, and result in the formation of autoantibodies. It is important to monitor recovery patients for autoimmune manifestations and production of autoantibodies in the context of rheumatic diseases.

CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Replication Induces ACE2 Expression and Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Pseudotyped Virus Entry in Epithelial Cells

Dinesh Verma et al.

Summary: Understanding the factors that affect the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial in combating COVID-19. This study showed that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection induced ACE2 expression in epithelial cells, increasing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. The EBV transcriptional activator Zta directly activated the ACE2 promoter, and inhibiting EBV replication may reduce susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Short-term and Long-term Rates of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection A Systematic Review

Destin Groff et al.

Summary: This systematic review found that more than half of COVID-19 survivors experienced PASC 6 months after recovery, with the most common effects being functional mobility impairments, pulmonary abnormalities, and mental health disorders.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with acute COVID-19 with Epstein-Barr virus reactivation

Yun Xie et al.

Summary: This retrospective single-center study found that COVID-19 patients with EBV reactivation had higher rates of tachypnoea, greater decreases in lymphocyte and albumin levels, higher levels of D-dimer and serum calcium, higher rates of CRP and occurrence of respiratory failure, ARDS, and hypoproteinaemia, as well as significantly higher 28-day and 14-day mortality rates compared to patients without EBV reactivation. These patients also received more immuno-supportive treatment.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Positive Epstein-Barr virus detection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients

Ting Chen et al.

Summary: This study revealed a high incidence of EBV coinfection in COVID-19 patients. Coinfection with EBV and SARS-CoV-2 was associated with fever and increased inflammation, indicating a potentially more severe condition.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Investigation of Long COVID Prevalence and Its Relationship to Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation

Jeffrey E. Gold et al.

Summary: The study found a prevalence of 30.3% for long COVID symptoms among COVID-19 patients, with some initially asymptomatic patients developing long-term symptoms. Additionally, a significantly higher rate of EBV reactivation was observed in long COVID subjects compared to control subjects, suggesting a potential association between COVID-19 inflammation and EBV reactivation.

PATHOGENS (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

High incidence of Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human-herpes virus-6 reactivations in critically ill patients with COVID-19

A. Simonnet et al.

Summary: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 in the ICU are prone to herpesvirus reactivation, particularly with EBV, which occurs early and is associated with longer ICU stays.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES NOW (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal