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Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Can-rong Wu et al.
Summary: The tireless efforts of scientists globally have greatly enhanced our understanding of the biology of coronaviruses, with structural biology playing a key role in uncovering structures and functions of viral proteins and guiding drug and vaccine development. The importance of structure in drug discovery to combat COVID-19 has been highlighted, while attention is needed on the implications of Omicron variants on existing vaccines and antibody therapies.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pengcheng Han et al.
Summary: The study found that the omicron variant, unlike other variants, has a similar affinity to the human receptor ACE2 as the prototype variant. Multiple mutations in the omicron variant may compensate for both immune escape and transmissibility. The complex structures of the omicron and delta variants binding to ACE2 provide insights into how specific mutations affect the binding.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhen Cui et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is spreading rapidly worldwide due to its increased fitness, with spike structures that maintain stability for receptor recognition but compromise viral fusion efficiency. By altering amino acids and structures, it evades recognition by most antibodies, facilitating immune escape. The research sheds light on conserved regions for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, identified in November 2021, has spread rapidly worldwide and shows resistance to most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and vaccine-elicited antibodies. However, it can be neutralized by antibodies generated by a booster vaccine dose.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vanessa L. Hale et al.
Summary: Research shows that free-ranging white-tailed deer in northeast Ohio, USA are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, potentially enabling the virus to be transmitted in wildlife, opening up new pathways for evolution.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rigel Suzuki et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly in several countries and has shown lower fusogenicity and attenuated pathogenicity compared to the Delta variant.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yunlong Cao et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 contains 15 mutations in the receptor-binding domain, leading to evasion of over 85% of tested neutralizing antibodies. Different epitope groups of neutralizing antibodies are affected to varying degrees by single mutations of Omicron. Antibodies targeting the conserved region of sarbecovirus remain most effective against Omicron.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lihong Liu et al.
Summary: The B.1.1.529/Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, initially detected in southern Africa, has rapidly spread globally and is expected to become dominant due to its enhanced transmissibility in the coming weeks. This variant poses a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines and antibody therapies due to its significant antibody resistance. Even individuals who have received vaccines and booster doses may have reduced neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wanchao Yin et al.
Summary: The structures of the Omicron spike trimer and its interactions with ACE2 and an anti-Omicron antibody are reported. Most mutations in Omicron are located on the spike protein surface, altering binding to many existing antibodies. Compensating mutations in the ACE2-binding site enhance binding to ACE2. The therapeutic antibody JMB2002 maintains neutralizing activity against Omicron and inhibits ACE2 binding.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daichi Yamasoba et al.
Summary: Research has shown that the Omicron lineage BA.1 has been outpaced by a new Omicron lineage, BA.2, which is more transmissible. Immunity induced by COVID vaccines does not effectively protect against BA.2, similar to BA.1, and BA.2 has notable antigenic differences from BA.1. BA.2 spike shows higher replication efficacy and cell fusion capability compared to BA.1 spike. Infection experiments on hamsters indicate that BA.2 spike-bearing virus is more pathogenic than BA.1 spike-bearing virus. Overall, these findings suggest that the risk of BA.2 to global health is potentially higher than that of BA.1.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lok-Yin Roy Wong et al.
Summary: This article describes the research on therapeutic drugs against new variants of SARS-CoV-2. The study suggests that the elderly population is at higher risk during infection, and protecting aged animals from severe diseases can be achieved by inhibiting specific inflammatory pathways.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qin Hong et al.
Summary: This study used cryo-electron microscopy to reveal the structural features of the Omicron variant spike protein and its interactions with the ACE2 receptor and antibodies, providing important insights for further research and design of vaccines targeting this variant.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roanne Keeton et al.
Summary: Despite reduced neutralizing antibody activity, T cell responses induced by vaccination or infection can cross-recognize the Omicron variant and provide protection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Timothee Bruel et al.
Summary: There are differences in neutralizing activity of therapeutic antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages, and immunocompromised individuals treated with antibodies show elevated antibody levels but reduced neutralization against Omicron. Breakthrough infections with the Omicron variant are observed in some immunocompromised individuals despite antibody treatment.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jingyou Yu et al.
Summary: Although immunity from two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine diminishes over time, a booster dose significantly enhances the neutralizing antibodies against both the BA.1 and BA.2 variants.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eric F. Pettersen et al.
Summary: UCSF ChimeraX is a powerful visualization program with enhanced performance and graphics, offering new tools and analysis features, support for various areas like virtual reality, and improved ease of use, along with an app store for researchers to contribute new tools.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cong Xu et al.
Summary: The recent global health emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is mediated by the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein and the human ACE2 receptor. The SARS-CoV-2 S trimer is more sensitive to ACE2 receptor compared to SARS-CoV S trimer, potentially contributing to its superior infectivity. Research findings depict the mechanism of ACE2-induced conformational transitions in S trimer structure, aiding in the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapeutics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dami A. Collier et al.
Summary: The B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 exhibited reduced neutralization by vaccines and antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients, with a more substantial loss seen when introducing the E484K mutation. This mutation poses a threat to the efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kun Huang et al.
Summary: By passaging SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice, researchers obtained a mouse-adapted virus strain with increased infectivity and severe interstitial pneumonia in mice; mutations Q493K and Q498H in the RBD of the virus enhanced its binding affinity to mouse ACE2; the study tentatively confirmed the antiviral activity of TLR7/8 agonist Resiquimod against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dapeng Li et al.
Summary: Research has shown that some SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies can enhance virus infection in vitro, but in monkeys and mice, these antibodies can still protect against SARS-CoV-2. However, out of 46 monkeys infused with enhancing antibodies, three showed higher lung inflammation scores compared to controls.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Davide Corti et al.
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of several human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic have paved the way for the development of more monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jianliang Xu et al.
Summary: The study found that camelid nanobodies can effectively circumvent vaccine escape caused by mutations in the novel coronavirus. These nanobodies are able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants through two mechanisms, demonstrating promising potential in preventing COVID-19 mortality when vaccines are compromised.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeffrey C. Chandler et al.
Summary: Research indicates that white-tailed deer in the United States have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, with 40% of samples testing positive for antibodies. This suggests that human infections of the novel coronavirus may have an impact on wildlife.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chunyin Gu et al.
Summary: The antibody JMB2002 shows broad-spectrum blocking activity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, including those resistant to convalescent plasma, vaccine sera, and some clinical-stage neutralizing antibodies. In a rhesus macaque disease model, JMB2002 demonstrates complete prophylactic and potent therapeutic efficacy, potentially aiding in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Ensheng Dong et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Renhong Yan et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qihui Wang et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra C. Walls et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Lan et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jian Shang et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yunlong Cao et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah R. Leist et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoyi Fan et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Donald J. Benton et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenneth H. Dinnon et al.
Article
Cell Biology
Lili Wu et al.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tristan Ian Croll
ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2018)
Letter
Biochemical Research Methods
Shawn Q. Zheng et al.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ali Punjani et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexis Rohou et al.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
P Emsley et al.
ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2004)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
EF Pettersen et al.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
(2004)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
PD Adams et al.
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2004)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
T Schwede et al.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2003)
