A conceptual model for understanding the zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission risk in the Moroccan pre-Saharan area

Leishmanioses are of public health concern in Morocco, mainly the Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) endemic in the Moroccan pre-Saharian area. Transmission of this disease depends on eco-epidemiological and socio-economic conditions. Therefore, a multivariable approach is required to delineate the risk and intensity of transmission. This will help outline main disease risk factors and understand interactions between all underlying factors acting on disease transmission at a local and regional scale. In this context, we propose a new conceptual model, the Biophysical-Drivers-Response-Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (BDRZCL), adapted to the PreSaharian area. The proposed model highlights how the physical and human drivers affect the environment and human health. The incidence of ZCL is linked to human activity and biophysical changes or by their interactions. The human response added to risk drivers are the main components that influence the biophysical part. This model improves our understanding of the causeeffect interactions and helps decision-makers and stakeholders react appropriately.

Automated summary

Leishmanioses, especially Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL), are a public health concern in Morocco due to their transmission dependence on eco-epidemiological and socio-economic conditions. The proposed BDRZCL model improves understanding of the cause-effect interactions between physical, human, and environmental factors, aiding decision-makers and stakeholders in responding appropriately.