Adsorptive removal of lead ion from water using banana stem scutcher generated in fiber extraction process

Lignocellulosic biomass-based adsorbents for removal of heavy metal ions from water have been reported. Importantly, a solid biomass waste known as Banana Stem Scutcher (BSS) is generated in banana stem fiber (BSF) extraction from lignocellulosic rich banana stem (BS). Here, for the first time, we report BSS characterization, and its ability for adsorption of lead (Pb(II)) ion from water. The maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(II) ion removal by BSS was determined to be 179.9 mg g-1. BSS was recycled five times without any significant loss in adsorption performance. Pb(II) ion adsorption onto BSS is exothermic (Delta H = -70.55 kJ mol-1), and spontaneous (Delta G = -3.52 kJ mol-1 at 303 K) with energy of activation as, 95.95 kJ mol-1. Further, interaction between Pb (II) ion and functional groups of BSS was confirmed by XPS and FTIR results. The relative cellulose content in BSS (74.25%) was higher than the BS (57.85%), as well as BSF (60.36%). The higher accessible cellulosic content in BSS was proposed for the enhanced Pb(II) ion adsorption by BSS, compared to BS and BSF. The study highlights a low cost and chemical free, mechanical based treatment of biomass useful to produce effective biomass-based adsorbents for removal of metal ions.

Automated summary

Lignocellulosic biomass-based adsorbents, such as Banana Stem Scutcher (BSS), are effective in removing heavy metal ions from water. This study presents the characterization of BSS and its ability to adsorb lead (Pb(II)) ions from water. The results show that BSS has a high adsorption capacity for Pb(II) ions and can be reused multiple times without significant loss in performance. XPS and FTIR analyses confirm the interaction between BSS and Pb(II) ions.