期刊
IEEE OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY
卷 9, 期 -, 页码 173-182出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2022.3174523
关键词
Energy storage; power system economics; power system markets; state-of-energy management; offer strategy
资金
- National Science Foundation [1808169]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- NSERC Energy Storage Technology Network
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1808169] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
This paper examines the market implications of energy-storage participation models and state-of-energy (SOE) management. The research finds that self-scheduling energy storage is suboptimal and relying solely on the energy-storage firm to manage SOE can lead to strategic behavior. These findings are important for guiding ongoing market-design reforms.
Wholesale electricity markets are undergoing reforms to allow greater participation of energy storage. These reforms raise questions regarding the roles of market operators in energy-storage management and the design of market-participation models and offer parameters for energy storage. This paper examines the market implications of energy-storage participation models and state-of-energy (SOE) management. To this end, we develop a bi-level stochastic optimization model, wherein the upper level represents a profit-maximizing energy-storage firm offering into a wholesale market. Lower-level problems represent market clearing under different uncertain operating conditions. Using complementarity theory and binary expansion, this model is recast as a single-level mixed-integer linear optimization problem, which can be solved using off-the-shelf software packages. We apply the model to an illustrative example and a comprehensive case study. We demonstrate that with uncertainty, self scheduling energy storage is suboptimal for the energy-storage firm. Relying on only the energy-storage firm to manage SOE can yield strategic behavior, whereby infeasible offers are submitted to affect dispatch and market prices. These findings can guide ongoing market-design reforms.
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