Bifurcated symmetry breaking in scalar-tensor gravity

We present models that simultaneously predict the presence of dark energy and cold dark matter along with slow-roll inflation. The dark energy density is found to be of order (a few meV)(4), and the mass of dark matter constituent is approximate to 1 meV. These numbers are given in terms of the present value of Hubble constant H-0 and the Plank energy M-P = 1/root 16 pi G(N) : they are (H0MP)(2) for the dark energy density and (H0MP)(1/2) for the dark matter constituent mass. The basic theoretical framework we work in is a multiscalar tensor gravity with nontrivial conformal coupling to the Ricci scalar curvature in the Lagrangian density. The key for a right amount of dark energy is to incorporate in a novel way the spatially homogeneous kinetic contribution of Nambu-Goldstone modes in a spontaneously broken multiscalar field sector. Proposed theories are made consistent with general relativity tests at small cosmological distances, yet are different from general relativity at cosmological scales. Dark matter is generated as a spatially inhomogeneous component of the scalar system, with a roughly comparable amount to the dark energy. In some presented models a cosmological bifurcation of symmetry breaking of the scalar sector is triggered by the spontaneous breaking of electroweak SU(2) X U(1) gauge symmetry, hence the separation occurring simultaneously at the electroweak phase transition. The best experimental method to test presented models is to search for the fifth-force type of scalar exchange interaction with a force range, O(10(-2)) cm, whose coupling to matter is basically of gravitational strength.

Automated summary

We propose models that predict the presence of dark energy, cold dark matter, and slow-roll inflation simultaneously. The density of dark energy is found to be of order (a few meV )(4), and the mass of dark matter constituent is approximately 1 meV. These models incorporate a multiscalar tensor gravity with nontrivial conformal coupling to the Ricci scalar curvature in the Lagrangian density, and make use of the spatially homogeneous kinetic contribution of Nambu-Goldstone modes in a spontaneously broken multiscalar field sector to explain the amount of dark energy. The proposed theories are consistent with general relativity tests at small cosmological distances but differ from general relativity at cosmological scales.