Recent advancements over a decade for organic light-emitting diodes: from structural diversity, role of layers, colour emission, material classification, performance improvement, fabrication to applications

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is an emerging technology of organic electronics that exhibits an assortment of salient and attractive features like self-emitting ability, great flexibility, true dark tone, transparency and many more. Along with display applications, OLEDs are prudent for light detection-based applications. Enormous research work has been reported to refine the OLED technology in terms of structures, materials, performance parameters, lifetime and applications. There is a vast scope for developing white OLED devices for utilization in solid-state lighting applications. This review paper summarizes recent advancements in different aspects for OLEDs over the last decade. The main focus is to diversify different multilayer structures of OLEDs highlighting the role and significance of charge injection, charge transport, emission and blocking layers. Also, a timeline analysis for characteristics parameters, layer-wise materials and fabrication techniques is presented. Further, different performance improvement techniques based on layers, parameters and colour emission are demonstrated. This article also illustrates prudent applications based on organic thin-film transistor-driven OLED, sensors, military and healthcare. Some challenges and reliability issues are also discussed with a scope for future work for OLED.

Automated summary

This review paper summarizes the recent advancements in OLED technology over the past decade, focusing on improvements in multilayer structures and key materials, as well as showcasing various performance enhancement techniques and important applications. Challenges and reliability issues are also discussed, with a scope for future research directions.