Ancient Restoration in Roman Polychromy: Detecting Aesthetic Changes?

Review Anthropology

Pigments-Iron-based red, yellow, and brown ochres

Georgios P. Mastrotheodoros et al.

Summary: Natural ochres, ranging in color from yellow to deep red and brown, have been widely used for decorative, artistic, and medicinal purposes since prehistoric times. This paper provides an overview of the range, composition, origin, properties, and potential processing of natural ochre pigments, as well as the production and processing of artificial ochres. It also discusses analytical techniques for ochres' identification and provenancing, along with guidelines for good practice, and offers insights on ochres' potential applications and limitations, including a discussion on ochres in the Greco-Roman world.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Anthropology

Pigments-Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases

Elisabetta Gliozzo et al.

Summary: This review summarises the current state of research on lead-based pigments, covering their production, trade, use, and potential alteration. It also discusses issues related to the investigation and protection of artworks containing these pigments. The focus is on the mineralogical aspects, describing both the raw materials and degradation products that are mineral phases found in nature. The review examines various minerals and pigments, describing their history, technology, and alteration. Additionally, it provides insight into analytical methods for accurate archaeometric investigations and includes a list of references for further research.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Anthropology

Pigments-copper-based greens and blues

Silvie Svarcova et al.

Summary: This review discusses the diverse copper-based pigments used in ancient and mediaeval artworks, such as siliceous copper pigments, copper carbonates, copper chlorides, and copper sulphates. It also highlights factors affecting the stability of these pigments in wall paintings and proposes a suitable analytical approach for their proper identification.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Anthropology