Inguinal Hernia in Nonhuman Primates: From Asymptomatic to Life-Threatening Events

In this study, a review of available data and literature on the epidemiology and anamnesis of inguinal hernias in nonhuman primates, as well as on their clinical evaluation and surgical management, was conducted. Inguinal hernias are assumed to be relatively common in male nonhuman primates. Clinical signs are usually limited to a visible or palpable mass in the groin region without pain or systemic illness. Most hernias contain omentum. Careful monitoring is an acceptable treatment option for those animals. Size, the danger of incarceration, and the presence of strangulation are important factors when considering surgical repair. A strangulated inguinal hernia is an emergency, requiring prompt surgery to avoid tissue necrosis and death. Imaging techniques, as well as computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), provide information about the anatomical characteristics of the suspected region, allowing for a diagnosis and treatment. An inguinal hernia repair can be performed with either open surgery or laparoscopic surgery. The hernia repair can be achieved by mesh or suture. Decisions regarding which repair technique to use depend on the surgeon ' s skill level and preference. Complication and recurrence rates are generally low. The most common postsurgical complication is a recurrence of the hernia. Contraceptive measures are not indicated in breeders, as there is no known hereditary component, and the presence of hernia does not appear to affect fertility, nor does it predispose to occurrence, recurrence, or incarceration.

Automated summary

This study reviewed the epidemiology, clinical evaluation, and surgical management of inguinal hernias in nonhuman primates. Inguinal hernias are commonly found in male nonhuman primates, and the clinical signs are usually limited to a visible or palpable mass in the groin region. Monitoring is a suitable treatment option, and surgery is necessary for cases with strangulation to avoid tissue necrosis and death. Imaging techniques such as CT, ultrasonography, and MRI can aid in diagnosis and treatment. Surgical repair can be done through open or laparoscopic surgery using mesh or suture. Complication and recurrence rates are generally low, and the presence of hernia does not affect fertility or increase the risk of occurrence, recurrence, or strangulation.