Bulk and boundary quantum phase transitions in a square Rydberg atom array

Motivated by recent experimental realizations of exotic phases of matter on programmable quantum simulators, we carry out a comprehensive theoretical study of quantum phase transitions in a Rydberg atom array on a square lattice, with both open and periodic boundary conditions. In the bulk, we identify several first-order and continuous phase transitions by performing large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations and develop an analytical understanding of the nature of these transitions using the framework of Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory. Remarkably, we find that under open boundary conditions, the boundary itself undergoes a second-order quantum phase transition, independent of the bulk. These results explain recent experimental observations and provide important insights into both the adiabatic state preparation of novel quantum phases and quantum optimization using Rydberg atom array platforms.

Automated summary

Motivated by recent experimental realizations of exotic phases of matter on programmable quantum simulators, this study investigates quantum phase transitions in a Rydberg atom array on a square lattice with both open and periodic boundary conditions. The researchers identify several types of phase transitions and provide analytical understanding of their nature, using the framework of Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory. Interestingly, they also find that the boundary itself undergoes a second-order quantum phase transition under open boundary conditions.