Bioaccumulation of Elemental Concentrations in Sediment and Frog (Pyxicephalusedulis)in Igbeebo River, Ondo State, Nigeria

The present research was performed to determine the concentration of heavy metals in the male and female specimens of the identified frog species: pyxicephalus edulis collected from the Igbekebo River in Igbekebo, Ese-odo local government. Adult frogs (male and female) were collected from the river bank, and sediment samples were also collected at five (5) separate locations in the river. The frogs were dried separately at 105 degrees C for 6 h and then crushed into small particles (powder form). The sediment samples were air-dried for three days. Elemental components in frog samples, sediment samples and were analyzed using Proton Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE).Some physiochemical parameters were also determined. The findings showed that the concentrations of Si, P, Cl, Ni, Zn and Cd were higher in Male frog while Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zr, Pb and Sn were higher in female frogs, the explanation for this variability is not known but may be due to variations in the genetic make-up of Male and Female frogs. The concentration of heavy metals in both male and female frogs was substantially higher relative to the available WHO limits. The mean concentration of elemental constituents in sediment was higher than the IAEA limit. The values of enrichment and the Igeo values were very high.

Automated summary

This research investigated the concentration of heavy metals in male and female frogs of pyxicephalus edulis species collected from the Igbekebo River. The study found significant differences in elemental concentrations between male and female frogs, and the overall concentration of heavy metals exceeded the established limits.