期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW C
卷 105, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.105.L061901
关键词
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资金
- US-DOE Nuclear Science Grant [DESC0020633]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office for Nuclear Physics [DE-SC0021301]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0021301] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Causality is violated in the early stages of state-of-the-art heavy-ion hydrodynamic simulations, but the number of cells that are definitely causal increases as the evolution progresses. The inclusion of pre-equilibrium evolution significantly reduces the number of acausal cells. Relativistic causality may place constraints on the available parameter space of heavy-ion collision simulations when factored into more thorough statistical analyses.
Causality is violated in the early stages of state-of-the-art heavy-ion hydrodynamic simulations. Such violations are present in up to 75% of the fluid cells in the initial time and only after 2-3 fm/c of evolution do we find that 50% of the fluid cells are definitely causal. Superluminal propagation reaches up to 15% the speed of light in some of the fluid cells. The inclusion of pre-equilibrium evolution significantly reduces the number of acausal cells. Our findings suggests that relativistic causality may place constraints on the available parameter space of heavy-ion collision simulations when factored into more thorough statistical analyses.
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