4.6 Article

Power-Level Electrical Switch Enabled by a Liquid-Metal Bridge

期刊

ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
卷 4, 期 6, 页码 2859-2868

出版社

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.2c00352

关键词

liquid metal; Galinstan; liquid bridge; electrical switch; soft electrical components

资金

  1. National Natural Science Foundation [U1966602, 52077172]
  2. Research Program of Shaanxi Province [2019ZDLGY18-05]
  3. Shaanxi Province Sanqin scholars innovation team project

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Researchers have developed a liquid metal-enabled electrical switch that outperforms traditional mechanical switches by a factor of 4-20 in terms of interruption speed. The study also identified the critical role of rupture distance in regulating arc plasma behaviors during the breakup of a liquid metal bridge. This research has significant implications for both practical applications in high-current electrical and electronic equipment and fundamental studies in soft electronics, fluid mechanics, and plasma science.
Soft electronic components possess the potential to be developed into next-generation electrical devices that can provide superior performance to solid-state counterparts. Among commonly used components, electrical switches are an essential control element in electrical and electronic systems. Both solid-state mechanical and semiconductor switches are blamed for some intrinsic shortcomings. For example, the former suffers from contact surface degradation, while the latter functions with a high conduction loss. To overcome the limitations, here, a liquid metal (LM)enabled electrical switch is reported by incorporating a Galinstan liquid bridge into a pair of solid electrodes. The electrical switch operation is realized by the coalescence of LM droplets and the breakup of the LM bridge. Extraordinarily, the device is capable of interrupting a DC 220 V, 1-5 A circuit within 11 ms, outperforming a common mechanical switch by a factor of 4-20 in terms of interruption speed. During the breakup process of an LM bridge in the presence of a current, three regimes characterized by electrical arc behaviors are identified and investigated. The rupture distance formed before pinch-off is critical to regulate the arc plasma behaviors. The presented applications and discoveries have a vast potential in both practical technologies, involving high-current electrical and electronic equipment, and fundamental research fields relevant to soft electronics, fluid mechanics, and plasma science.

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