4.7 Review

Targeting fibrosis, mechanisms and cilinical trials

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EDP-305 in patients with NASH: A phase II double-blind placebo-controlled dose-ranging study

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Safety, tolerability, and anti-fibrotic efficacy of the CBP/I3-catenin inhibitor PRI-724 in patients with hepatitis C and B virus-induced liver cirrhosis: An investigator-initiated, open-label, non-randomised, multicentre, phase 1/2a study

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Summary: This study assessed the safety tolerability and anti-fibrotic effects of PRI-724 in patients with HCV-and HBV-induced cirrhosis. The results showed that PRI-724 did not significantly decrease hepatic fibrosis, but it improved liver stiffness, Model for End-stage Liver Disease score, and serum albumin level significantly.

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Backstage players of fibrosis: NOX4, mTOR, HDAC, and S1P; companions of TGF-β

Alexis Paulina Jimenez-Uribe et al.

Summary: Fibrosis is characterized by pathological excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, involving a complex network of signal transduction pathways, with TGF-β playing a central role. Additionally, molecules not typically associated with fibrosis such as NOX4, mTOR, HDAC, and S1P have been found to be critical in its development.

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Chun Hao Ong et al.

Summary: TGF-beta plays critical roles in fibrotic diseases, and inhibiting its activity has therapeutic potential. Researchers have developed various strategies to modulate TGF-beta activity, such as antisense oligonucleotides, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, and small molecule inhibitors.

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A Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Pan-PPAR Agonist Lanifibranor in NASH

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Summary: In a randomized trial, the pan-PPAR agonist Lanifibranor showed significant improvement in histologic features of NASH at a dose of 1200 mg. However, adverse events such as weight gain, anemia, peripheral edema, diarrhea, and nausea were more common with Lanifibranor compared to placebo.

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Gianni Carraro et al.

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A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Subcutaneous Semaglutide in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Philip N. Newsome et al.

Summary: This phase 2 trial demonstrated that treatment with semaglutide resulted in a significantly higher percentage of patients with NASH resolution compared to placebo in patients with NASH, but did not show a significant between-group difference in the percentage of patients with an improvement in fibrosis stage.

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Disparate Interferon Signaling and Shared Aberrant Basaloid Cells in Single-Cell Profiling of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Eleanor Valenzi et al.

Summary: IPF and SSc-ILD exhibit differences in cell types and pathways, providing new insights into the diseases.

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Next Generation Therapeutics for the Treatment of Myelofibrosis

Douglas Tremblay et al.

Summary: Myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by symptoms such as splenomegaly and transformation to acute leukemia. Current treatment with JAK inhibitors has limitations in impacting disease progression, leading to exploration of non-JAK inhibitor-based therapies targeting various mechanisms. Further research is needed to improve therapeutic options for myelofibrosis.
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) improved diabetic lung fibrosis via AMPK and microRNA-27a (miR-27a)

Jia Liu et al.

Summary: MiR-27a plays a crucial regulatory role in diabetic pulmonary fibrosis, and GLP-1 can down-regulate its expression level by activating AMPK. Furthermore, the target gene PPAR gamma is up-regulated, resulting in improved extracellular matrix proliferation in MRC-5 cells.

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Summary: In patients with high-risk non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Pemafibrate did not reduce liver fat content but significantly decreased liver stiffness based on magnetic resonance elastography. There was also a significant reduction in ALT and LDL-C levels during the treatment period.

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Animesh Pardanani et al.

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Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Hepatic Stellate Cell-Activation Roadmap and Myofibroblast Origin During Liver Fibrosis in Mice

Wu Yang et al.

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