期刊
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH
卷 24, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01545-9
关键词
Mammographic density; Menarche; Height; Breast cancer
类别
资金
- US National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health [hR03CA167771]
- International Agency for Research on Cancer
- University of Western Australia [Research Collaboration Award]
- Cancer Council Western Australia [Capacity Building and Collaboration Grant]
- Australia VicHealth
- Cancer Council Victoria
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [209057, 251, 553, 504711]
- Australian National Breast Cancer Foundation
- Canada the National Cancer Institute of Canada
- Chile Fondecyt [11100238, 1120326, 1130277, 3130532]
- World Cancer Research Fund [2010/245]
- Ellison Medical Foundation Grant
- Iran Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
- Israel The Israel Cancer Association
- Republic of Korea Asan Medical Center [2010-0811]
- Malaysia Sime Darby LPGA Tournament
- Ministry of Education University Malaya [UM.C/HIR/MOHE/06]
- University Malaya [UMRG RP046B15HTM]
- Mexico National Council of Science and Technology (Mexico)
- American Institute for Cancer Research [10A035]
- Netherlands EPIC-NL-Europe against Cancer Programme of the European Commission (SANCO)
- Dutch Ministry of Health
- Dutch Cancer Society
- ZonMW the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
- World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)
- Poland Polish-Norwegian Research Programme [PNRF-243-AI-1/07]
- Singapore National Medical Research Council [Clinician Scientist Award]
- National University Cancer Institute Singapore (NCIS) Centre grant programme from National Medical Research Council
- South Africa Pink Drive
- Spain Spain's Health Research Fund (Fondo de Investigacion Santiaria) [PI060386, PS09/0790]
- Spanish Federation of Breast Cancer Patients (FECMA) [EPY1169-10]
- TurkeyRoche Mustahzarlari San
- A.S., Istanbul, Turkey
- UK UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K020439/1]
- Breast Cancer Campaign [2007MayPR23]
- Cancer Research UK [G186/11, C405/A14565]
- Da Costa Foundation UK
- USA National Cancer Institute [R01CA85265, R37 CA54281, R01 CA97396, P50 CA116201, R01 CA177150, R01 CA140286]
- Cancer Center Support Grant [CA15083, CA131332, CA124865, UM1 CA186107, UM1 CA176726]
- Susan G. Komen Foundation
Late age at menarche is positively associated with higher mammographic density, while taller stature is also related to higher mammographic density. The study reveals a complex relationship between growth and development, mammographic density, and breast cancer risk.
Background Early age at menarche and tall stature are associated with increased breast cancer risk. We examined whether these associations were also positively associated with mammographic density, a strong marker of breast cancer risk. Methods Participants were 10,681 breast-cancer-free women from 22 countries in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density, each with centrally assessed mammographic density and a common set of epidemiologic data. Study periods for the 27 studies ranged from 1987 to 2014. Multi-level linear regression models estimated changes in square-root per cent density (root PD) and dense area (root DA) associated with age at menarche and adult height in pooled analyses and population-specific meta-analyses. Models were adjusted for age at mammogram, body mass index, menopausal status, hormone therapy use, mammography view and type, mammographic density assessor, parity and height/age at menarche. Results In pooled analyses, later age at menarche was associated with higher per cent density (beta(root PD) = 0.023 SE = 0.008, P = 0.003) and larger dense area (beta(root DA) = 0.032 SE = 0.010, P = 0.002). Taller women had larger dense area (beta(root DA) = 0.069 SE = 0.028, P = 0.012) and higher per cent density (beta(root PD) = 0.044, SE = 0.023, P = 0.054), although the observed effect on per cent density depended upon the adjustment used for body size. Similar overall effect estimates were observed in meta-analyses across population groups. Conclusions In one of the largest international studies to date, later age at menarche was positively associated with mammographic density. This is in contrast to its association with breast cancer risk, providing little evidence of mediation. Increased height was also positively associated with mammographic density, particularly dense area. These results suggest a complex relationship between growth and development, mammographic density and breast cancer risk. Future studies should evaluate the potential mediation of the breast cancer effects of taller stature through absolute breast density.
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