A Randomized Double-Blind Study Evaluating Intraperitoneal Ropivacaine Nebulization With and Without Nalbuphine for Post-operative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Objective: Local anaesthetics administered into the peritoneal cavity have been successfully used for post-operative pain relief in minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures. We intended to study and compare nebulized intraperitoneal ropivacaine with and without nalbuphine, with a placebo for post-operative pain relief in these surgeries. Methods: A prospective, randomized double-blinded study was conducted over a period of 1 year after institutional ethical clearance, in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Subjects were randomized into 3 groups (S: saline, R: ropivacaine, RN: ropivacaine plus nalbuphine). The pain was assessed in the post-operative period using NRS scores (up to 24 hours). Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison, P <.05 was considered significant. Time to first rescue analgesia, total opioid requirement, and side effects were also recorded. Results: Groups were similar in terms of demographic data. Patients in the placebo group reported higher NRS scores than the other 2 study groups till 4 hours post-operative (earlier rescue analgesia). The addition of nalbuphine did not cause any statistically significant improvement in post-operative pain relief (NRS) as compared to ropivacaine administered alone. Intraperitoneal ropivacaine nebulization had no significant adverse effect as compared to placebo. Conclusions: Ropivacaine nebulization with or without nalbuphine is more effective than placebo for post-operative pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy without significant side effects. Addition of nalbuphine to ropivacaine nebulization does not significantly improve pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Automated summary

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of nebulized intraperitoneal ropivacaine with and without nalbuphine for post-operative pain relief in minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures. The study found that nebulized intraperitoneal ropivacaine, with or without nalbuphine, is more effective than placebo in relieving post-operative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, without significant side effects.