Bioaccumulation of lead (Pb) and its effects on human: A review

Lead is a prevalent heavy metal that pollutes the environment and accumulates in the human body via absorp-tion, bioavailability, bioconcentration, and biomagnification disrupts the neurological, skeletal, reproductive, hematopoietic, renal, and cardiovascular systems. Lead's distinctive physical and chemical characteristics make it ideal for a variety of uses. It has been linked to human activities for ages and is harmful to health. This review article examines the long-term health consequences of lead exposure in humans. Acute and chronic symptoms of lead poisoning include kidney, brain, reproductive organ, and CNS/PNS damage. Toxic metals have a long half-life in the bone matrix and brain (2-3 years), causing neurological problems and bone loss. The article also shows the problems of high BPb in both men and women during pregnancy. Renal system blood lead levels of 30-60 g/dL may cause kidney failure in severe circumstances. The oxidative stress that occurs in human cells has also been explored. Finally, lead poisoning and lead buildup prevention and therapy have been reviewed. The use of micronutrients and antioxidants has demonstrated a reduction in harmful effects. Adults with BPb > 45 g/dL should have chelation, whereas children should receive succimer.

Automated summary

Lead is a prevalent heavy metal that has harmful effects on human health, affecting multiple systems. This review article examines the long-term health consequences of lead exposure in humans, including acute and chronic poisoning symptoms, as well as the impact of high blood lead levels on men and women during pregnancy. Furthermore, it discusses the effects of lead on bones and the brain, as well as the generation of oxidative stress. Finally, it summarizes the prevention and treatment methods for lead poisoning and accumulation.