4.5 Article

Quantum crystallographic charge density of urea

期刊

IUCRJ
卷 3, 期 -, 页码 237-246

出版社

INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
DOI: 10.1107/S2052252516006242

关键词

charge density; quantum theory; spherical atom model

资金

  1. US Department of Energy through the Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]

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Standard X-ray crystallography methods use free-atom models to calculate mean unit-cell charge densities. Real molecules, however, have shared charge that is not captured accurately using free-atom models. To address this limitation, a charge density model of crystalline urea was calculated using high-level quantum theory and was refined against publicly available ultra-high-resolution experimental Bragg data, including the effects of atomic displacement parameters. The resulting quantum crystallographic model was compared with models obtained using spherical atom or multipole methods. Despite using only the same number of free parameters as the spherical atom model, the agreement of the quantum model with the data is comparable to the multipole model. The static, theoretical crystalline charge density of the quantum model is distinct from the multipole model, indicating the quantum model provides substantially new information. Hydrogen thermal ellipsoids in the quantum model were very similar to those obtained using neutron crystallography, indicating that quantum crystallography can increase the accuracy of the X-ray crystallographic atomic displacement parameters. The results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of integrating fully periodic quantum charge density calculations into ultra-high-resolution X-ray crystallographic model building and refinement.

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