期刊
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
卷 13, 期 2, 页码 376-386出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1849
关键词
Environmental risk assessment; Multiple stressors; Coastal areas; Chemical contamination; Ecosystem services
资金
- Roskilde University
- Environmental Risk Research Initiative
- Villum Foundation [VKR022070]
- Swedish Research Council FORMAS [NICE [2011-1733], ChemToFish [2012-2091]]
Growth of human populations and increased human activity, particularly in coastal areas, increase pressure on coastal ecosystems and the ecosystem services (ES) they provide. As a means toward being able to assess the impact of multiple stressors on ES, in the present study we propose an 8-step conceptual approach for assessing effects of chemical mixtures and other stressors on ES in coastal areas: step A, identify the relevant problems and policy aims; step B, identify temporal and spatial boundaries; step C, identify relevant ES; step D, identify relevant stressors (e.g., chemicals); step E, translate impacts into ES units; step F, assess cumulative risk in ES units; step G, rank stressors based on their contribution to adverse effects on ES; and step H, implement regulation and management as appropriate and necessary. Two illustrative case studies (Swedish coastal waters and a coastal lagoon in Costa Rica) are provided; one focuses on chemicals that affect human food supply and the other addresses pesticide runoff and trade-offs among ES. The 2 cases are used to highlight challenges of such risk assessments, including use of standardized versus ES-relevant test species, data completeness, and trade-offs among ES. Lessons learned from the 2 case studies are discussed in relation to environmental risk assessment and management of chemical mixtures. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:376-386. (C) 2016 SETAC
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