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Human mini brains and spinal cords in a dish: Modeling strategies, current challenges, and prospective advances

JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Human Spinal Organoid-on-a-Chip to Model Nociceptive Circuitry for Pain Therapeutics Discovery

Zheng Ao et al.

Summary: The study introduces a human spinal organoid-on-a-chip device for modeling the biology and electrophysiology of human nociceptive neurons and dorsal horn interneurons. The device allows for testing nociceptive modulators and is cost-efficient, scalable, and easy to use. By integrating human sensory-spinal-cord organoids, the method shows promise for screening and validating novel therapeutics for human pain medicine discovery.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human brain organogenesis: Toward a cellular understanding of development and disease

Kevin W. Kelley et al.

Summary: The construction of the human nervous system is a complex and regulated process. Recent advancements in genomics and stem cell-based tissue modeling have allowed for a better understanding of human neural development and dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disease.

CELL (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Parkinson's Disease Phenotypes in Patient Neuronal Cultures and Brain Organoids Improved by 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Treatment

Javier Jarazo et al.

Summary: This study investigated the differences between neurons derived from Parkinson's disease patients and controls, identifying potential pathways for targeted treatment. By correcting mutations and using a specific compound, improvements in metabolic properties and neuronal differentiation in patient-derived cells were observed. Treatment with a repurposed compound was shown to restore impaired dopaminergic differentiation in Parkinson's disease patient-derived cells.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Engineering brain assembloids to interrogate human neural circuits

Yuki Miura et al.

Summary: This article describes a method for generating human brain assembloids and studying neural circuits. By converting human pluripotent stem cells into brain region-specific organoids, which are then fused and integrated to form assembloids, complex cell-cell interactions, circuit formation, and maturation can be studied using self-organization. A series of assays, including viral labeling and retrograde tracing, 3D live imaging, and electrophysiology, are used to model and manipulate neural circuits in the assembloids. These approaches are valuable for understanding human-specific aspects of neural circuit assembly and modeling neurodevelopmental disorders.

NATURE PROTOCOLS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels: Cutting-edge platforms for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications

Hussein M. El-Husseiny et al.

Summary: Biomedicine and tissue regeneration have made significant advancements in recent years, opening up possibilities for improving the restoration of impaired tissues and their functions. Smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels, as three-dimensional bioscaffolds, show great potential in tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. This review focuses on the synthesis schemes and responsiveness mechanisms of smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels, as well as their potential in tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.

MATERIALS TODAY BIO (2022)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Biomaterials via peptide assembly: Design, characterization, and application in tissue engineering

Vincent P. A. Gray et al.

Summary: The rational design of bioactive microenvironments using peptides presents a significant challenge in biomaterials. By understanding the molecular and macroscopic features that govern assembly and morphology, peptides can be designed to mimic native tissue microenvironments. Characterization tools enable researchers to study molecular structure, morphology, and biological functionality. Peptide-based biomaterials have the potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Brain-on-a-chip: Recent advances in design and techniques for microfluidic models of the brain in health and disease

Leyla Amirifar et al.

Summary: Recent advances in biomaterials, microfabrication, microfluidics, and cell biology have led to the development of organ-on-a-chip devices that can replicate key functions of various organs. These platforms promise to provide novel insights into physiological events, including disease mechanisms, and evaluate the impact of external interventions such as drug administration. Therefore, the neuroscience field is expected to benefit greatly from these innovative tools.

BIOMATERIALS (2022)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Engineering neurovascular organoids with 3D printed microfluidic chips

Idris Salmon et al.

Summary: The generation of tissue and organs requires close interaction with vasculature. This study presents a 3D printing-based platform that allows pluripotent stem cells to interact with vascular cells in a spatially determined manner, resulting in the formation of organized vascular networks. This method provides a means to vascularize organoids and opens new avenues for understanding and manipulating the co-development of tissue-specific organoids with vasculature.

LAB ON A CHIP (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Bioengineering tissue morphogenesis and function in human neural organoids

Nikolai J. Fedorchak et al.

Summary: Scientists have been using human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids to model CNS development, function, and disease. While these neural organoids show similarities to human fetal tissues, they currently lack the reproducibility and maturity of in vivo features. By integrating bioengineering techniques, there is potential to achieve greater biomimicry in structure and function.

SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Natural Membrane Differentiates Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Neurospheres by Mechanotransduction Related to YAP and AMOT Proteins

Nathalia Barth de Oliveira et al.

Summary: ADMSCs can be differentiated into neural precursors (NPs) on a natural polyisoprene-based membrane, expressing neuronal markers. The membrane is shown to induce ADMSC differentiation into NPs without the need for induction factors.

MEMBRANES (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human cerebral organoids establish subcortical projections in the mouse brain after transplantation

Xin Dong et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated the successful transplantation of human cerebral organoids into the mouse brain cortex, with the organoids surviving and extending neural projections over 4.5 mm in length within 1 month. The transplanted organoids generated mature neurons and formed synaptic connections with host neurons, integrating into existing neural circuits and impacting the neural behavior of the mice.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Restoring lost nigrostriatal fibers in Parkinson's disease based on clinically-inspired design criteria

Wisberty J. Gordian-Velez et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease is a global neurodegenerative disease affecting approximately 10 million people worldwide, characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons and axonal fibers leading to dopamine loss in the striatum and motor symptoms. Current treatments focus on symptom reduction, with pathway reconstruction emerging as an alternative approach involving implanting tissue-engineered nigrostriatal pathways into the brain. This method aims to restore proper dopamine release and motor circuit regulation.

BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Current and emerging disease-modulatory therapies and treatment targets for multiple sclerosis

F. Piehl

Summary: Treatment of multiple sclerosis is evolving with the approval of novel and increasingly effective disease-modulatory therapies. In clinical development, inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase represent a new emerging drug class in MS. Accumulating evidence suggests the importance of early high effective therapy while maintaining acceptable tolerability.

JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Biochemical Research Methods

Assembloids

Lei Tang

Summary: The assembloids, which are generated by spatially organizing multiple cell types, will provide deeper insights into tissue function.

NATURE METHODS (2021)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Generation and long-term culture of advanced cerebral organoids for studying later stages of neural development

Stefano L. Giandomenico et al.

Summary: In this Protocol Extension, a modified version of the original protocol is described for generating cerebral organoids with telencephalic identity and long-term viability. The method allows for modeling later events in cortical development, crucial for neurodevelopmental disease research. The protocols are easily performed by experimenters with stem cell culture experience and take 2-3 months to complete.

NATURE PROTOCOLS (2021)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Advances in Central Nervous System Organoids: A Focus on Organoid-Based Models for Motor Neuron Disease

Renata Vieira de Sa et al.

Summary: Therapeutic treatments for neurodegenerative diseases have been relatively unsuccessful due to a lack of representative experimental models. Recent advances in CNS organoid technology provide promising tools for studying these diseases, although their application in motor neuron disease remains limited. The development of spinal cord and trunk organoids is offering new opportunities for modeling motor neuron diseases.

TISSUE ENGINEERING PART C-METHODS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A logical network-based drug-screening platform for Alzheimer's disease representing pathological features of human brain organoids

Jong-Chan Park et al.

Summary: This study reports an efficient drug screening platform integrating mathematical modeling and the pathological features of AD with human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids. By using 1300 organoids from 11 participants, they built a high-content screening system and tested FDA-approved drugs that can permeate the blood-brain barrier. The study provides a strategy for precision medicine through the convergence of mathematical modeling and a miniature pathological brain model using iCOs.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Hypothalamic-pituitary organoid generation through the recapitulation of organogenesis

Hajime Ozaki et al.

Summary: This paper discusses the differentiation of hypothalamus and pituitary gland from ES and iPS cells, emphasizing the induction of neuroectodermal progenitors and their differentiation into specific neurons. Future research aims to establish transplantation treatments for hypopituitarism and developmental disease models.

DEVELOPMENT GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION (2021)

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Article

Human Cerebral Organoid Implantation Alleviated the Neurological Deficits of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Zhongyuan Bao et al.

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Long-term maturation of human cortical organoids matches key early postnatal transitions

Aaron Gordon et al.

Summary: Research shows that three-dimensional human cortical organoids can reach stages of postnatal brain development after being cultured for 250 to 300 days, paralleling in vivo development. These findings provide important insights and tools for modeling neurodevelopmental diseases.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Organoid Models of Glioblastoma and Their Role in Drug Discovery

Matthew J. Rybin et al.

Summary: This review examines a range of organoid-GBM models, discussing their individual strengths and weaknesses, and explores their future applications with a focus on compound screening.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Self-organization of human dorsal-ventral forebrain structures by light induced SHH

Riccardo De Santis et al.

Summary: The authors in this study successfully modeled human organizers in differentiating human embryonic stem cells using light stimulus, generating spatially resolved proximal-distal patterns and mediolateral neural patterns. They demonstrated that morphogen light-stimulation is a scalable tool that induces self-organizing centers.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: Current Strategies and Challenges in Tumor Model Development

Bernarda Majc et al.

Summary: Glioblastoma, the most common brain malignant tumor in adults, poses challenges for effective immunotherapy due to its intracranial location, tumor heterogeneity, and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Various promising immunotherapeutic strategies, such as vaccines, oncolytic viruses, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive cell transfer, have been applied in an attempt to promote tumor eradication and overcome immune resistance. However, discrepancies exist between preclinical studies and clinical studies in evaluating the efficiency of these strategies on glioblastoma patients.

CELLS (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

In Vitro Recapitulation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders with Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Brain Organoids

Maisumu Gulimiheranmu et al.

Summary: The prevalence of adolescent neuropsychiatric disorders is increasing due to genetic and environmental influences, with abnormal brain development playing a major role. Human brain organoids generated from pluripotent stem cells are considered a promising tool to model brain development and diseases, aiding in the investigation of neuropsychiatric disorders.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Article Biology

Mechanisms underlying microglial colonization of developing neural retina in zebrafish

Nishtha Ranawat et al.

Summary: Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that colonize specific brain regions during development, such as the retina. They use blood vessels as pathways and depend on neuronal differentiation for proper migration. Factors like IL34 also play a role in microglial precursor colonization of the retina.

ELIFE (2021)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Generation of hypothalamic arcuate organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells

Wei-Kai Huang et al.

Summary: Human brain organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a valuable model for studying features of human brain development and diseases, such as the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. By generating arcuate organoids (ARCOs) and analyzing their molecular heterogeneity, a human arcuate nucleus molecular signature was revealed. Furthermore, ARCOs derived from Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) patient iPSCs showed aberrant differentiation and transcriptomic dysregulation, providing insights into disease mechanisms during early human arcuate development.

CELL STEM CELL (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Effect of Electrical and Electromechanical Stimulation on PC12 Cell Proliferation and Axon Outgrowth

Kailei Xu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that electromechanical stimulation affects the proliferation and axon outgrowth of nerve cells, with mechanical stretching reducing these effects. Cellular axons prefer to align perpendicularly to the stretch direction, showing a dependence on stretching direction.

FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Perspective Insights to Bio-Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders

Johra Khan et al.

Summary: Biomaterials play a significant role in neurosciences, with self-assembling peptides and hydrogels identified as promising candidates for treating common neurological disorders by facilitating drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier and tissue regeneration.

FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neurospheres: a potential in vitro model for the study of central nervous system disorders

Laura da Silva Siqueira et al.

Summary: Neurogenesis was believed to cease after embryonic development, but new techniques have shown that new neurons continue to be produced in the adult brain from sources like the subventricular zone and the subgranular zone. The cultivation of neurospheres has been used to isolate and expand neural stem cells for potential use in injured brains. This model has been applied in experimental studies for neurological clinical scenarios, highlighting both advantages and limitations.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS (2021)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Designing Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture Using Dynamic Covalent Crosslinking

Muhammad Rizwan et al.

Summary: Designing simple biomaterials to replicate tissue properties is challenging in tissue engineering. Current biomaterials mainly provide macroscopic tunability of scaffold mechanics and do not reflect the dynamic nature of the natural extracellular microenvironment. There are opportunities to investigate cells capable of locally remodeling matrices for more complex applications.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Use of Stem Cell-Derived Organoids in Disease Modeling: An Update

Joseph Azar et al.

Summary: Organoids, three-dimensional in vitro culturing models that mimic the structural and functional specificities of body organs, have great potential for disease modeling and clinical applications. However, challenges such as high cost, variability in efficiency, genetic stability, and clinical applications still exist in their culturing process.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A human three-dimensional neural-perivascular 'assembloid' promotes astrocytic development and enables modeling of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathology

Lu Wang et al.

Summary: Research findings suggest that pericytes may serve as important portals for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the nervous system. Introducing pericyte-like cells (PLCs) into cortical organoids can provide an experimental model that supports virus entry and replication.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Human sensorimotor organoids derived from healthy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis stem cells form neuromuscular junctions

Joao D. Pereira et al.

Summary: Researchers have successfully generated sensorimotor organoids derived from individuals with ALS, containing various cell types including skeletal muscle, sensory and motor neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and vasculature, forming neuromuscular junctions. These organoids demonstrate impairment at the NMJ level in ALS patients' iPSC lines and isogenic lines with familial ALS mutations, providing valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids as in vitro models for studying neural disorders and cancer

Juan Luo et al.

Summary: Three-dimensional brain organoids (BOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer new opportunities to model brain development, neurodegenerative disorders, and brain cancers in vitro, providing a way to study these complex processes and diseases.

CELL AND BIOSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

A Shift in Tissue Stiffness During Hippocampal Maturation Correlates to the Pattern of Neurogenesis and Composition of the Extracellular Matrix

Youngjae Ryu et al.

Summary: The study examined how aging affects the mechanical properties of brain tissue, particularly focusing on the impact of neural stem cells (NSCs) in differentiating regions of the hippocampus. It found that stiffness in the brain is influenced by the composition of extracellular matrix (ECM), specifically chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which can affect postnatal neurogenesis by altering the mechanical environment of the NSC niche.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Physiology

From Brain Organoids to Networking Assembloids: Implications for Neuroendocrinology and Stress Medicine

Evanthia A. Makrygianni et al.

Summary: Brain organoids are three-dimensional cultures that mimic fetal human brain development and disorders, but have limitations in fully recapitulating these processes, leading to the development of various improved organoid models. The stress system, a complex neuroendocrine system in mammals, is implicated in chronic non-communicable diseases, and brain organoids and assembloids could be valuable tools in modeling and studying stress-related disorders.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Generation of caudal-type serotonin neurons and hindbrain-fate organoids from hPSCs

Parvin Valiulahi et al.

Summary: This study introduces a novel strategy to generate hindbrain 5-HT neurons from human pluripotent stem cells, achieving successful conversion of 30%-40% of cells. By utilizing a caudalizing agent, the majority of cells acquired a caudal identity. The research also optimized the differentiation system to generate organoid cultures enriched with 5-HT neurons.

STEM CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Extension of retinofugal projections in an assembled model of human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids

Clarisse M. Fligor et al.

Summary: By generating in vitro models consisting of retinal organoids, cortical and thalamic organoids, researchers have successfully simulated the projections of the human visual system. This approach not only enhances RGC survival in long-term models but also facilitates studies on human visual system development and related diseases.

STEM CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Microfluidics-Integrated Sensors toward Rapid Detection of Single Nucleotide Variations

Marziyeh Hajialyani et al.

Summary: This review discusses various microfluidics-based strategies for rapid detection of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and mismatched bases. Sensors utilizing different microfluidic formats have shown promise for on-site diagnostics in personalized medicine.

ACS OMEGA (2021)

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Article Oncology

PTEN deficiency leads to proteasome addiction: a novel vulnerability in glioblastoma

Jorge A. Benitez et al.

Summary: The study identified a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM by targeting proteasome inhibition, which showed high sensitivity in GSCs due to their reliance on increased protein synthesis rate and loss of autophagy. Combinatorial inhibition of proteasome and autophagy resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity in PTEN-expressing GSCs, suggesting a synthetic lethal approach for this subset of GBM patients.

NEURO-ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Review Psychology, Biological

'Consciousnessoids': clues and insights from human cerebral organoids for the study of consciousness

Andrea Lavazza

Summary: Human cerebral organoids (HCOs) are an in vitro three-dimensional model used to study brain development and neurological disorders. Despite recent progress, limitations such as lack of vascularization remain. However, HCOs have shown some important features of the nervous system and have the potential to be a living laboratory for studying consciousness. Ethical issues surrounding experimentation on HCOs may require strict regulation.

NEUROSCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS (2021)

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Review Genetics & Heredity

Advances in neural organoid systems and their application in neurotoxicity testing of environmental chemicals

Yuanyuan Zheng et al.

Summary: Human CNS in vitro modeling is challenging due to its complex structure and function, leading to reliance on traditional animal models for neurotoxicity testing of environmental chemicals; however, these models have limitations. In vitro 2D or 3D cultured cells cannot fully simulate the complex 3D structure of neural tissues. Neural organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells provide a promising model for assessing the effects of environmental chemicals on human CNS development.

GENES AND ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Review Materials Science, Biomaterials

Patient-Specific Organoid and Organ-on-a-Chip: 3D Cell-Culture Meets 3D Printing and Numerical Simulation

Fuyin Zheng et al.

Summary: In recent decades, various in vitro models have been developed to replicate the architecture and function of living organs or tissues, significantly contributing to advancements in life sciences. Two novel 3D cell culture models, Organoids and Organ-on-a-chip, are emerging as promising approaches to enhance the understanding of basic biological principles and clinical treatments. The convergence of these two approaches, along with advancements in 3D printing and numerical simulations, is creating new opportunities for building more physiologically relevant 3D models.

ADVANCED BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

A robust protocol for the generation of human midbrain organoids

Alise Zagare et al.

Summary: The lack of advanced in vitro models recapitulating the human brain complexity is a major obstacle in brain development and neurological disease research. This study presents a robust protocol to derive human midbrain organoids from neuroepithelial stem cells, providing complex 3D models with functional neurons, including dopaminergic neurons and glial cells, making them particularly attractive for the study of Parkinson disease.

STAR PROTOCOLS (2021)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Tubular human brain organoids to model microglia-mediated neuroinflammation

Zheng Ao et al.

Summary: The study developed tubular organoid-on-a-chip devices to improve the generation of human brain organoids and model neuroinflammation. This device enables perfusion of nutrients and oxygen to minimize organoid necrosis, incorporates immune cells for modeling neuro-immune interactions, and increases neural progenitor proliferation while reducing organoid heterogeneity. The technology is simple, versatile, inexpensive, easy-to-use, and compatible with multiwell-plates, making it suitable for research and clinical applications in various inflammatory diseases.

LAB ON A CHIP (2021)

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Review Veterinary Sciences

Cerebral organoids and their potential for studies of brain diseases in domestic animals

Bertrand Pain et al.

Summary: The brain is a complex organ, and the development of brain organoid models is helping to study various new topics in neuroscience, including brain development, neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental diseases, tumors, and infectious diseases affecting the brain. Current research is mainly focused on human cerebral organoids, but there is a growing interest in establishing similar models in other species.

VETERINARY RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Cell & Tissue Engineering

Modeling SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with opioid use disorder with brain organoids

Moshe J. Willner et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the opioid crisis, with factors such as social distancing regulations, medical and financial instability, and mental health issues negatively affecting those with OUD; neurological sequelae in COVID-19 patients suggest compromised neuroimmunity, hypoxia, and respiratory depression, similar to effects of opioid exposure; iPSC-derived brain organoid models may be a useful tool to study the physiological connection between COVID-19 and OUD due to limited in vivo options for research.

JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Injectable Self-Healing Hydrogels Based on Boronate Ester Formation between Hyaluronic Acid Partners Modified with Benzoxaborin Derivatives and Saccharides

Tamiris Figueiredo et al.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2020)

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Review Anatomy & Morphology

Probing disrupted neurodevelopment in autism using human stem cell-derived neurons and organoids: An outlook into future diagnostics and drug development

Guang Yang et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS (2020)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Self-Organizing 3D Human Trunk Neuromuscular Organoids

Jorge-Miguel Faustino Martins et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Cerebral organoids transplantation improves neurological motor function in rat brain injury

Zhi Wang et al.

CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS (2020)

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Review Cell Biology

Organoid and Assembloid Technologies for Investigating Cellular Crosstalk in Human Brain Development and Disease

Rebecca M. Marton et al.

TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Modeling medulloblastoma in vivo and with human cerebellar organoids

Claudio Ballabio et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

A brief history of organoids

Claudia Corro et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Effect of Transplantation of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells on Memory in Animals with Alzheimer's Type Neurodegeneration

R. A. Poltavtseva et al.

BULLETIN OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Modeling Distinct Cortical Layer Formation

Xuyu Qian et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2020)

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Letter Cell Biology

LHX6 is essential for the migration of human pluripotent stem cell-derived GABAergic interneurons

Fang Yuan et al.

PROTEIN & CELL (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cerebral Organoids Repair Ischemic Stroke Brain Injury

Shu-Na Wang et al.

TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

Microglia alterations in neurodegenerative diseases and their modeling with human induced pluripotent stem cell and other platforms

Angelica Maria Sabogal-Guaqueta et al.

PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

High-throughput screening of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids

Madel Durens et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Modeling and Targeting Alzheimer's Disease With Organoids

Angelos Papaspyropoulos et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Review Cell Biology

Midbrain Organoids: A New Tool to Investigate Parkinson's Disease

Lisa Maria Smits et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Genetics & Heredity

Cerebral organoids as tools to identify the developmental roots of autism

Wai Kit Chan et al.

MOLECULAR AUTISM (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Brainstem Organoids From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Nobuyuki Eura et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Identi fication of neurospheres generated from human dental pulp stem cells in xeno-/serum-free conditions

Yoko Kawase-Koga et al.

REGENERATIVE THERAPY (2020)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Composite Hydrogels in Three-Dimensionalin vitroModels

Zhitong Zhao et al.

FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Correction Cell & Tissue Engineering

Self-Organizing 3D Human Trunk Neuromuscular Organoids (vol 26, pg 172, 2020)

Jorge-Miguel Faustino Martins et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2020)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cells and Brain Organoids Reveal SARS-CoV-2 Neurotropism Predominates in Choroid Plexus Epithelium

Fadi Jacob et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2020)

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Article Biology

Human Forebrain Organoids from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Novel Approach to Model Repair of Ionizing Radiation-Induced DNA Damage in Human Neurons

Debamitra Das et al.

RADIATION RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Human CNS barrier-forming organoids with cerebrospinal fluid production

Laura Pellegrini et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Reproducible generation of human midbrain organoids for in vitro modeling of Parkinson's disease

Sarah Louise Nickels et al.

STEM CELL RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Loss of NARS1 impairs progenitor proliferation in cortical brain organoids and leads to microcephaly

Lu Wang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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