Nanozymes in bionanotechnology: from sensing to therapeutics and beyond

In the past few decades, researchers have developed lots of artificial enzymes with various materials to mimic the structures and functions of natural enzymes. Recently, nanozymes, nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics, are emerging as novel artificial enzymes, and attracting researchers' enormous interest. Remarkable advances have been made in the area of nanozymes due to their unique properties compared with natural enzymes and classic artificial enzymes. Until now, lots of nanomaterials have been studied to mimic various natural enzymes for wide applications. To highlight the recent progress of nanozymes (especially in bionanotechnology), here we discuss the diverse applications of nanozymes, which range from sensing, imaging, and therapeutics, to logic gates, pollutant removal, water treatment, etc. Finally, we address the current challenges facing nanozyme research as well as possible directions to fulfill their great potential in future.