4.7 Review

Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: the dawn of cancer treatment

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunotherapy

Rubens Copia Sperandio et al.

Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related death. Single-agent anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed initial promise, but failed to demonstrate efficacy in phase III trials. The combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab has been approved as first-line therapy, showing significant improvements in response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival compared to standard treatments. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the use of ICIs in combination with other drugs.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE (2022)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Chemical and Biomolecular Strategies for STING Pathway Activation in Cancer Immunotherapy

Kyle M. Garland et al.

Summary: The STING cellular signaling pathway is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy as it can activate immune cells and inhibit tumor growth. However, the efficacy of STING agonists is limited by drug delivery and pharmacological challenges.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

cGAS-STING signaling pathway in gastrointestinal inflammatory disease and cancers

Xinxin Ke et al.

Summary: The cGAS-STING signaling pathway plays a crucial role in GI inflammatory diseases and cancers. Understanding the function and mechanism of this pathway is helpful for developing therapeutic strategies.

FASEB JOURNAL (2022)

Review Immunology

Lighting up the tumor fire with low-dose irradiation

Fernanda G. Herrera et al.

Summary: Recent studies have shown that low-dose radiation therapy effectively activates the immune system and synergizes with immunotherapy, enhancing immune response. These findings help redefine the role of radiation therapy in cancer immunotherapy.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Engineering, Biomedical

Synergistic checkpoint-blockade and radiotherapy-radiodynamic therapy via an immunomodulatory nanoscale metal-organic framework

Kaiyuan Ni et al.

Summary: A bismuth-based nanoscale metal-organic framework that modulates the immunological and mechanical properties of the tumour microenvironment enhances the outcomes of radiotherapy-radiodynamic therapy, especially when combined with checkpoint blockade, by stimulating anti-tumour immunity and T-cell infiltration.

NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2022)

Article Oncology

A Phase 1 Trial of Concurrent or Sequential Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients With Stage IV NSCLC Study

Christine M. Bestvina et al.

Summary: A randomized phase 1 trial combined nivolumab and ipilimumab with sequential or concurrent multisite SBRT in patients with stage IV NSCLC to evaluate safety and obtain preliminary activity data. Results showed that concurrent therapy was not more toxic than sequential therapy, and multisite SBRT was well tolerated in widely metastatic patients. Multimodality therapy resulted in durable metastasis control and encouraging early overall survival.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2022)

Review Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

FLASH radiotherapy with carbon ion beams

Uli Andreas Weber et al.

Summary: FLASH radiotherapy is a potential breakthrough in cancer treatment, utilizing ultra-high dose rates to reduce normal tissue toxicity while maintaining tumor control. There are ongoing clinical trials exploring the use of charged particles such as electrons or protons, with promising outcomes. However, technical challenges remain, particularly in determining the effectiveness of FLASH therapy with heavier ions like carbon.

MEDICAL PHYSICS (2022)

Review Neurosciences

Using Radiation Therapy to Prime and Propagate an Anti-tumor Immune Response Against Brain Tumors

Alejandro J. Onate et al.

Summary: Immunotherapies have shown efficacy in treating brain tumors, but new approaches are needed to enhance responses in the brain. Combining radiation and immunotherapies may be an effective strategy to prime and propagate anti-tumor immune response against brain tumors.

NEUROMOLECULAR MEDICINE (2022)

Article Oncology

Low-Dose Radiotherapy Reverses Tumor Immune Desertification and Resistance to Immunotherapy

Fernanda G. Herrera et al.

Summary: Developing strategies to inflame tumors is critical for increasing response to immunotherapy. Low-dose radiation reprograms the tumor microenvironment to promote T-cell infiltration and, when combined with immunotherapy, simultaneously mobilizes innate and adaptive immunity, predominantly CD4(+) effector T cells, for tumor control dependent on NKG2D. This combination induces important responses in patients with metastatic immune-cold tumors.

CANCER DISCOVERY (2022)

Review Oncology

Radiotherapy and immunotherapy: open questions and future strategies

Kelli B. Pointer et al.

Summary: Immune checkpoint blockade improves outcomes for some advanced or metastatic cancer patients, but many do not respond to this treatment. Recent clinical trials have focused on combining immune checkpoint blockade with radiation therapy. While some Phase III trials have shown improved survival, other Phase I/II/III trials have yielded inconclusive or negative results, but offer promising insights for future therapeutic strategies.

TRENDS IN CANCER (2022)

Article Oncology

Single High-Dose Radiation Enhances Dendritic Cell Homing and T Cell Priming by Promoting Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Cytoskeletal Reorganization

Ziqi Zhou et al.

Summary: This study systematically examined the dose effect of radiation therapy on the in vivo homing and distribution of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells using noninvasive imaging. The results showed that radiation did not directly cause cellular apoptosis or necrosis in DCs, but induced mitochondrial damage and upregulation of certain receptors. Higher radiation doses (>= 5 Gy) significantly increased the homing ability of DCs to lymphoid tissues, and this improvement was associated with reactive oxygen species accumulation. Enhanced T cell activation was also observed in mice inoculated with higher radiation dose-treated DCs, indicating the advantages of >= 5 Gy radiation in facilitating DC homing and T cell priming.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS (2021)

Review Oncology

Use of Multi-Site Radiation Therapy for Systemic Disease Control

Roshal R. Patel et al.

Summary: This article discusses the potential benefits of using radiation therapy for polymetastatic cancer, proposing a framework for patient selection and highlighting potential challenges. High-dose and low-dose radiation therapy have different applications in oligometastatic and polymetastatic disease. Challenges such as treatment planning workflows, treatment times, dose constraints, and economic considerations are addressed in using radiation therapy for polymetastatic disease.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS (2021)

Article Oncology

Proof-of-principle Phase I results of combining nivolumab with brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy for Grade Group 5 prostate cancer: safety, feasibility, and exploratory analysis

Zhigang Yuan et al.

Summary: The study indicates that combining nivolumab with ADT and HDR for treating GG5 grade prostate cancer is safe and associated with increased immune infiltration and antitumor activity.

PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Radiation-induced liver injury and hepatocyte senescence

Wei Zhu et al.

Summary: Radiation-induced liver injury (RILI) is a major complication of radiotherapy for liver cancer with unclear underlying mechanism. Radiation can induce cellular senescence and inflammatory response via DNA damage, while oxidative stress further affects cellular metabolism.

CELL DEATH DISCOVERY (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Proton beam radiotherapy vs. radiofrequency ablation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomized phase III trial

Tae Hyun Kim et al.

Summary: The study compared proton beam radiotherapy (PBT) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) outcomes in patients with recurrent/residual HCC, demonstrating non-inferiority of PBT in terms of 2-year local progression-free survival (LPFS). The most common adverse events with PBT were radiation pneumonitis and decreased leukocyte counts, while RFA resulted in increased alanine aminotransferase levels and abdominal pain. PBT was found to be a tolerable and safe treatment option for patients with small recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Olaparib Suppresses MDSC Recruitment via SDF1α/CXCR4 Axis to Improve the Anti-tumor Efficacy of CAR-T Cells on Breast Cancer in Mice

Ruixin Sun et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the PARPi olaparib can significantly enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cells in breast cancer models by inhibiting MDSC migration, indicating a potential novel mechanism for combination therapy in breast cancer treatment.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2021)

Review Oncology

Exploring the NK cell platform for cancer immunotherapy

Jacob A. Myers et al.

Summary: NK cells have innate potential to kill cancer cells, leading to the development of various NK cell-based therapies for cancer treatment. The main focus of NK cell therapy research is on optimizing sources of therapeutic NK cells and enhancing their cytotoxicity and persistence in the body.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer: Clinical Impact and Mechanisms of Response and Resistance

Sreya Bagchi et al.

Summary: This article highlights the significance of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy and the research findings on the changes in local and systemic immune cells after treatment. It emphasizes the need for understanding the requirements for an effective and safe antitumor immune response following ICI therapy.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY: MECHANISMS OF DISEASE, VOL 16, 2021 (2021)

Review Hematology

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK)-cell therapy: leveraging the power of innate immunity

Hind Rafei et al.

Summary: CAR T cells are an emerging cancer treatment with limitations including toxicity, manufacturing complexity, and cost. NK cells have potential as a safer and more accessible source for CAR therapy, and genetic engineering of NK cells to express CAR is showing promising results in preclinical studies and clinical trials.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Combinatorial therapy in tumor microenvironment: Where do we stand?

Smita Kumari et al.

Summary: The tumor microenvironment is crucial in tumor initiation and progression through dynamic interaction with cancer cells. Targeting the tumor microenvironment as a novel approach to improve cancer therapeutics is gaining attention, as it influences the growth of malignant cells. Combinatorial therapies, effectively targeting critical pathways associated with disease pathogenesis, offer a solution to challenges like drug resistance and treatment failure in cancer therapy.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER (2021)

Article Oncology

A Prospective Trial Evaluating the Safety and Systemic Response From the Concurrent Use of Radiation Therapy with Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Malcolm D. Mattes et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated the safety of adding local stereotactic body radiation therapy to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in lung cancer patients and suggested potential benefits for patients with high PD-L1 expression who receive CPI without chemotherapy. Further assessment through a randomized trial is warranted to confirm the observed favorable systemic response.

CLINICAL LUNG CANCER (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Low dose ionizing radiation effects on the immune system

Katalin Lumniczky et al.

Summary: Ionizing radiation interacts with the immune system in complex ways, potentially altering immune fitness and accelerating immune senescence at low doses. However, low dose radiation therapy has beneficial effects in certain diseases, providing relief from pain and inflammation.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Review Oncology

NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy: from basic biology to clinical development

Sizhe Liu et al.

Summary: NK cells, as a specialized immune effector cell type, play a critical role in immune activation against abnormal cells. Unlike T cell activation, NK cell activation is governed by interactions between NK receptors and target cells, leading to significant attention in cancer immunotherapy. Many efforts are focused on developing and engineering NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Four-Year Survival With Durvalumab After Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III NSCLC-an Update From the PACIFIC Trial

Corinne Faivre-Finn et al.

Summary: In the Phase 3, placebo-controlled PACIFIC trial, consolidative durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy showed significant improvements in overall survival and progression-free survival for patients with unresectable, stage III NSCLC, with consistent benefits observed approximately 4 years after treatment. Durvalumab demonstrated durable benefits with a higher 4-year survival rate and progression-free survival rate compared to placebo.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Enhancing anti-tumour efficacy with immunotherapy combinations

Funda Meric-Bernstam et al.

Summary: This article evaluates immune therapy response biomarkers to identify patients who benefit from monotherapy rather than combination therapy. It also reviews the rationale and strategies for combination therapy, including combinations with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and other immunomodulators.

LANCET (2021)

Article Oncology

Impact of prior chemoradiotherapy-related variables on outcomes with durvalumab in unresectable Stage III NSCLC (PACIFIC)

Corinne Faivre-Finn et al.

Summary: The PACIFIC trial showed that durvalumab improves PFS and OS in Stage III NSCLC patients, regardless of their response to prior CRT. However, in some subgroups, such as patients who received induction chemotherapy, the impact of durvalumab on OS may be limited.

LUNG CANCER (2021)

Article Oncology

Critical immunosuppressive effect of MDSC-derived exosomes in the tumor microenvironment

Mohammad H. Rashid et al.

Summary: MDSC-derived exosomes carry proteins that play a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. They are capable of hyper-activating or exhausting CD8 T-cells and inducing activation-induced cell death. In vivo experiments showed a depletion of CD8 T-cells and a reduction in pro-inflammatory M1-macrophages in the spleen after treatment with MDSC exosomes.

ONCOLOGY REPORTS (2021)

Article Oncology

Incidence, risk factors, and CT characteristics of radiation recall pneumonitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor in lung cancer

Francois Cousin et al.

Summary: This study found a high incidence of radiation recall pneumonitis (RRP) at 18.8% among patients with advanced lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. No risk factors for RRP were identified, but an association between RRP and ICI-related pneumonitis was noted.

RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Abscopal Effect: A Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Advances

James R. Janopaul-Naylor et al.

Summary: Combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy can enhance the abscopal response, showing a synergistic effect on both local and distant tumors.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Effect of radiotherapy on T cell and PD-1 / PD-L1 blocking therapy in tumor microenvironment

Chen Chen et al.

Summary: Radiotherapy can alter T cell immune response and up-regulate PD-L1 expression, enhancing the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. The combination of radiotherapy and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has shown significant therapeutic effects in clinical tumor research.

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2021)

Review Oncology

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer

Antonio Lopez-Beltran et al.

Summary: Several immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma, showing promising efficacy in first-line or second-line therapy. PD-L1 expression may be a predictive factor for response to ICIs. Anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies have demonstrated durable responses in some mUC patients.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Immunobiology of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the context of radiotherapy

Turid Hellevik et al.

Summary: Radiotherapy not only kills malignant cells through ionizing radiation, but also activates anti-tumor immune responses. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important components of the tumor microenvironment, playing central roles in cancer development and immune evasion. Despite the known immunoregulatory functions of CAFs, the interaction between CAFs and immune cells after radiation remains poorly understood.

JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: manifestations arms mechanisms

Javid Moslehi et al.

Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of cancer, but associated toxicities like myocarditis pose challenges that require further research, predictive biomarker identification, and improved diagnostic and treatment strategies.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

Article Oncology

Checkpoint inhibition in combination with an immunoboost of external beam radiotherapy in solid tumors (CHEERS): study protocol for a phase 2, open-label, randomized controlled trial

Mathieu Spaas et al.

Summary: The CHEERS trial aims to evaluate whether concurrent administration of SBRT and CPIs can prolong progression-free survival in advanced solid tumor patients. This multicenter randomized phase II trial will assess the impact of SBRT on disease control time and explore outcomes such as survival, objective response, local control, quality of life, and toxicity in 98 patients.

BMC CANCER (2021)

Review Oncology

Radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and the tumour microenvironment: Turning an immunosuppressive milieu into a therapeutic opportunity

N. E. Donlon et al.

Summary: Immune checkpoint blockade has significantly changed the treatment of solid tumors, but many patients do not respond. Combining radiation therapy with immunotherapy may have synergistic effects by remodeling the tumor microenvironment, but careful control of dose and fractionation is essential for safety and efficacy. Ongoing efforts to combine radiation, immunotherapy, and DNA damage response inhibitors aim to achieve a beneficial balance between the immunogenic and tolerogenic effects of radiation on the immune microenvironment.

CANCER LETTERS (2021)

Article Oncology

GLUT1 Expression in Tumor-Associated Neutrophils Promotes Lung Cancer Growth and Resistance to Radiotherapy

Pierre-Benoit Ancey et al.

Summary: The study highlights the importance of GLUT1 in tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) within lung tumors, with increased glucose uptake mediated by GLUT1 impacting tumor growth and radiotherapy resistance. Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities to support anti-tumor neutrophils may be a promising strategy for cancer treatment.

CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Radiotherapy and cGAS/STING signaling: Impact on MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment

Vera M. Kho et al.

Summary: MDSCs are a heterogeneous population of immature immune cells that have suppressive functions in the tumor microenvironment. They play a role in promoting tumor growth by inhibiting the proliferation and function of immune effector cells. The effects of radiotherapy and cGAS/STING signaling on MDSC recruitment, expansion and function are explored in this review, highlighting the key role of cGAS and STING activation in generating systemic anti-tumor immunity after irradiation.

CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Crossed Pathways for Radiation-Induced and Immunotherapy-Related Lung Injury

Zengfu Zhang et al.

Summary: Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) and immunotherapy-related lung injury (IRLI) are two common complications in cancer treatment, with potential downstream pathway of pyroptosis identified as a crucial signaling pathway in lung injury treatment. More research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways of these complications to explore potential therapeutic targets and avenues for further research.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Systemic Immune Activation and Responses of Irradiation to Different Metastatic Sites Combined With Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Min Wu et al.

Summary: This study suggests that irradiation to the brain has the best immune activation effect and patient outcome compared to other organs in NSCLC. Additionally, combining earlier-line ICIs with RT results in better patient outcomes. Prospective studies are needed to provide more convincing evidence and standards for clinical irradiation metastases selection.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Colitis: From Mechanism to Management

Liansha Tang et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the relevant studies on checkpoint inhibitor colitis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors and discusses future research directions.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiotoxicities of novel cancer immunotherapies

Ashley F. Stein-Merlob et al.

Summary: Immunotherapy has transformed oncology by leveraging the immune system to combat malignancies, but it can also lead to cardiotoxicities, including myocarditis, atherosclerosis, and arrhythmias, which require prompt management.
Review Immunology

MDSC: Markers, development, states, and unaddressed complexity

Samarth Hegde et al.

Summary: MDSCs are a widely discussed biological entity in immunology, commonly describing cells that arise during chronic inflammation with T cell immunosuppressive functions. Currently lacking clear definitions and a unifying framework across pathologies, we propose a framework based on activation signals to classify MDSCs as discrete cell states. Developing this knowledge of myeloid states across pathological conditions may transform how diseases are grouped and treated.

IMMUNITY (2021)

Article Oncology

Phase II, single-arm trial of preoperative short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy and camrelizumab in locally advanced rectal cancer

Zhenyu Lin et al.

Summary: The study found that preoperative short-course radiotherapy combined with CAPOX and camrelizumab followed by delayed surgery showed a favorable pathological complete response rate in locally advanced rectal cancer patients, especially in proficient MMR tumors.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Abscopal Effects in Metastatic Cancer: Is a Predictive Approach Possible to Improve Individual Outcomes?

Barbara Link et al.

Summary: In addition to relieving cancer pain, radiotherapy can sometimes induce systemic antitumor effects in other parts of the body. This effect is associated with immune activation, typically seen under immune checkpoint blockade. While the occurrence of abscopal effects is rare and unpredictable, studying reported cases can help identify biomarkers and clinical patterns.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Oncology

NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy and Therapeutic Perspective in Gliomas

Changqing Pan et al.

Summary: NK cell-based immunotherapy shows promising potential for treating glioma due to its unique features, but faces challenges such as inadequate CAR design and lagging application compared to hematological malignancies. Further strategies are needed to enhance the efficacy of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy in glioma treatment.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Neutrophil dynamics in the tumor microenvironment

Amanda J. McFarlane et al.

Summary: The tumor microenvironment significantly influences the behavior of immune cells, including both recruited and tissue-resident cells. Recent technological advances have allowed for a better understanding of the true roles of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment, potentially leading to more effective targeting strategies for these immune cells in clinical settings.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

Review Oncology

Combined treatment of non-small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates

Shijie Shang et al.

Summary: The combination of immunotherapy and radiation therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer is being actively researched to enhance treatment efficacy. Existing randomized trials have shown that adding radiation therapy to immunotherapy can improve response rates and survival outcomes in metastatic NSCLC patients. Factors like PD-L1 status, tumor mutational burden, and immune function may influence the benefits of additional radiation therapy, and low-dose radiation therapy may help overcome resistance mechanisms to enhance T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Future strategies in this rapidly expanding field aim to further improve immunotherapy efficacy for a broader group of patients.

CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Endocrine toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors

Jordan J. Wright et al.

Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a cornerstone of cancer therapeutics, but can also cause toxicities in various organs known as immune-related adverse events. ICIs can lead to endocrinopathies involving the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal glands, and pancreas, which are common and sometimes fatal.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

A prospective study investigating the efficacy and toxicity of definitive ChemoRadiation and ImmunOtherapy (CRIO) in locally and/or regionally advanced unresectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Charles Lin et al.

Summary: This study aims to investigate the efficacy of combining curative intent chemoradiation with the PD-L1 inhibitor durvalumab for patients with unresectable advanced cSCC, focusing on complete response rate and treatment safety.

RADIATION ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Radiation and Modulation of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Peter H. Goff et al.

Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise in treating NSCLC, but further research is needed to understand the true benefits for patients and explore combination therapies for improved outcomes. Analyzing the impact of radiation therapy on the tumor immune microenvironment can lay the foundation for future clinical trials, emphasizing the importance of conducting translational studies.

SEMINARS IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Biology of Radiation-Induced Lung Injury

Soumyajit Roy et al.

Summary: Radiation-induced lung injury includes radiation pneumonitis, which can be acute or subacute, and radiation-induced lung fibrosis as a late effect of radiation exposure to the lung. This review highlights advancements in molecular radiation biology related to radiation-induced lung injury and their implications in clinical practice.

SEMINARS IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Combination of Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy for Recurrent Malignant Gliomas: Results From a Prospective Study

Haihui Jiang et al.

Summary: The combination of immunotherapy and radiotherapy showed good safety and potential clinical benefit for patients with recurrent WHO grade IV glioma. Further prospective phase II study is needed to confirm the efficacy of this therapeutic regimen.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Radiation-Induced Immunity and Toxicities: The Versatility of the cGAS-STING Pathway

Julie Constanzo et al.

Summary: Radiation therapy has transitioned into the era of personalized medicine in the past decade, but the challenge now lies in identifying the optimal radiation regimen to induce a clinically relevant anti-tumor immune response. Organs at risks and tumor microenvironment components often limit the effectiveness of radiation therapy, highlighting the importance of understanding immune response in tumor control and treatment optimization.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Oncology

Radiation dose and fraction in immunotherapy: one-size regimen does not fit all settings, so how does one choose?

Sandra Demaria et al.

Summary: Recent evidence suggests that ionizing radiation can enhance immune responses to tumors. However, limited understanding exists on the immunological impact of different radiotherapy fractionation schemes. Experts highlight the importance of evaluating the effects of radiation dose, fractionation, and type on immune responses when combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy to advance both fields.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Dissecting FGF Signalling to Target Cellular Crosstalk in Pancreatic Cancer

Edward P. Carter et al.

Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis due to challenges in treatment and late detection, with the FGFR signalling pathway playing a critical role in tumor progression and interaction with the tumor microenvironment. However, it is clear that the FGFR signalling pathway does not act in isolation and interacts with other signaling networks. Therapeutic approaches are being developed to improve prognosis for this terrible disease.
Review Oncology

Immunotherapy Combined With Radiation Therapy for Genitourinary Malignancies

Jacob Ukleja et al.

Summary: Immunotherapy drugs have been approved for treating genitourinary malignancies, and combining them with radiation therapy may enhance tumor cell killing through synergistic effects. Ongoing clinical trials are testing the efficacy of this combination therapy.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Radiotherapy programs neutrophils to an antitumor phenotype by inducing mesenchymal-epithelial transition

Qiqi Liu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that radiation therapy can trigger the recruitment and polarization of neutrophils towards an anti-tumor phenotype, which is further enhanced by concurrent administration of G-CSF. Furthermore, neutrophils newly recruited after radiation therapy are shown to improve radiosensitivity by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the reactive oxygen species-mediated PI3K/Akt/Snail signaling pathway.

TRANSLATIONAL LUNG CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

Review Oncology

An overview of the published and running randomized phase 3 clinical results of radiotherapy in combination with immunotherapy

Ben G. L. Vanneste et al.

Summary: Several studies have shown that the combination of radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy (IO) has a strong synergistic effect in improving local and systemic tumor control. Ongoing clinical trials aim to further investigate the optimal sequencing and dosing of RT with IO, as well as the potential enhancement effect of IO as induction or consolidation therapy. Results from these trials will provide insights into the role of RT as an immune system activator and the additional effects of IO on the local effects of RT.

TRANSLATIONAL LUNG CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

Review Biology

The Role of Tumor-Derived Exosomes in the Abscopal Effect and Immunotherapy

Zechen Shan et al.

Summary: Exosomes are microvesicles secreted by cells that play multiple biological functions by carrying a variety of contents. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) have been found to have immunostimulatory effects in addition to immunosuppression, making them attractive for clinical immunotherapy and targeted therapy for cancer patients. TEXs also serve as important biomarkers with clinical diagnostic and prognostic value. Recent studies have shown that TEXs play a crucial role in the abscopal effect (AbE) during immunotherapy and radiotherapy, showing great clinical potential for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in the future.

LIFE-BASEL (2021)

Article Oncology

Can Rational Combination of Ultra-high Dose Rate FLASH Radiotherapy with Immunotherapy Provide a Novel Approach to Cancer Treatment?

Y. Zhang et al.

Summary: FLASH radiotherapy delivers radiation treatment at an ultra-high dose rate and has shown normal tissue sparing effects and equivalent antitumour activity in preclinical studies. Research suggests that FLASH irradiation may be a rational partner to combine with immune modulating drugs to improve clinical outcomes.

CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment

Ava J. Boutilier et al.

Summary: The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm is crucial in tumor progression, where M1 macrophages have anti-tumor effects and M2 macrophages contribute to tumor development through various mechanisms. The tumor microenvironment plays a role in influencing macrophage polarization and activation, which is essential for understanding the pro-tumor effects of tumor-associated macrophages.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Abscopal Effect in the Era of Checkpoint Inhibitors

Ondrej Kodet et al.

Summary: Therapy targeting immune checkpoints is essential in treating advanced melanoma, but resistance mechanisms can lead to lower-than-expected therapeutic outcomes. Insufficient stimulation of the immune system by tumor neoantigens may explain this. Radiotherapy can increase neoantigen production, triggering an immune response and potentially leading to a therapeutic effect even at distant metastases.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Review Oncology

Interfering with Tumor Hypoxia for Radiotherapy Optimization

Irma Telarovic et al.

Summary: Hypoxia in solid tumors is a significant predictor of treatment resistance and poor clinical outcomes. This review highlights the importance of hypoxia in the development of resistance to radiotherapy and discusses strategies to interfere with hypoxia for optimizing radiotherapy efficacy.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

Article Oncology

Immunotherapy in association with stereotactic radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases: results from a multicentric retrospective study on behalf of AIRO

Silvia Scoccianti et al.

Summary: In a multicentric retrospective study from AIRO, the combination of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) and immunotherapy (IT) showed better intracranial local progression-free survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases. Additionally, treating NSCLC patients with IT after extracranial progression at the time of brain metastases diagnosis was associated with improved overall survival.

NEURO-ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

High-dose irradiation in combination with non-ablative low-dose radiation to treat metastatic disease after progression on immunotherapy: Results of a phase II trial

Roshal R. Patel et al.

Summary: Early findings from a phase II trial of high-dose radiotherapy (HD-RT) with or without low-dose RT (LD-RT) for metastatic cancer showed that the combination of HD-RT plus LD-RT safely improved lesion-specific response by promoting infiltration of effector immune cells into the tumor microenvironment, providing potential benefit for immune resistant solid tumors.

RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Low-dose targeted radionuclide therapy renders immunologically cold tumors responsive to immune checkpoint blockade

Ravi B. Patel et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that delivering radiation semiselectively to tumors through targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) can enhance response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), leading to therapeutic efficacy and tumor-specific T cell memory in murine models. Combination of TRT and ICI activates production of proinflammatory cytokines, promotes tumor infiltration by CD8(+) T cells, and reduces metastases, suggesting a promising approach to improve response to ICIs for various tumor types.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hepatotoxicity: A review

Devika Remash et al.

Summary: The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment has advanced significantly, but adverse events such as immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hepatotoxicity can occur and require prompt investigation and management.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Pneumonitis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Understanding in Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Management

Qin Zhang et al.

Summary: Immunotherapy, specifically PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 inhibitors, has revolutionized the therapeutic strategy for various malignancies. However, immune-related adverse events such as checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) have become a significant concern, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer patients. The diagnosis and management of CIP in NSCLC patients may be more complicated due to overlapping respiratory symptoms caused by the primary tumor following immunotherapy.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Pembrolizumab Plus Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy in Patients With Unresectable, Locally Advanced, Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer The Phase 2 KEYNOTE-799 Nonrandomized Trial

Salma K. Jabbour et al.

Summary: The study suggests promising antitumor activity of pembrolizumab plus cCRT and manageable safety in patients with previously untreated, locally advanced, stage III NSCLC.

JAMA ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

MDSC in Mice and Men: Mechanisms of Immunosuppression in Cancer

Christophe Vanhaver et al.

Summary: MDSCs expand during pathological conditions and are associated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, studying MDSC immunosuppression is challenging due to their rarity, short lifespan, heterogeneity, poor viability after freezing, and lack of specific markers. While some immunosuppressive mechanisms have been well-documented in mice, direct evidence is still lacking in humans.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Oncology

Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Therapy

Konstantinos Arvanitakis et al.

Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer worldwide, and inflammation has been identified as a key factor in cancer development, driving the involvement of neutrophils in disease progression. While high infiltration with tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) has been correlated with increased tumor growth and poor prognosis in most solid human tumors, under certain conditions, neutrophils may also exhibit cytotoxic and inhibitory activity towards tumor cells. The role of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in HCC development remains ambiguous, with N1 TANs showing anti-tumorigenic activity and N2 TANs being associated with increased growth, invasiveness, and metastasis in HCC.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Oncology

CAR-NK Cell: A New Paradigm in Tumor Immunotherapy

Faroogh Marofi et al.

Summary: CAR-NK cells, as an emerging cancer treatment, have various advantages in cancer immunotherapy, including better safety and adaptability, and the ability to improve attack on tumors and eliminate resistance. By targeting different antigens, CAR-NK cells are expected to achieve more effective anti-tumor responses.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Oncology

FLASH Radiotherapy: History and Future

Binwei Lin et al.

Summary: Radiation therapy's effects on surrounding organs are often dose-limiting constraints. Recent animal experiments show that FLASH-RT can reduce damage to healthy tissue without affecting anti-tumor effectiveness. FLASH-RT may become a mainstay in future clinical radiotherapy applications.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in cancer

Kai Li et al.

Summary: MDSCs are a group of immunosuppressive cells that play a crucial role in tumor progression, affecting tumor development through various pathways and interfering with the efficacy of current anti-tumor therapies. Targeting MDSCs is a promising strategy for future cancer treatment.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

Article Oncology

Hypofractionated stereotactic re-irradiation with pembrolizumab and bevacizumab in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas: results from a phase I study

Solmaz Sahebjam et al.

Summary: The combination of hypofractionated stereotactic irradiation (HFSRT) with pembrolizumab and bevacizumab is generally safe and well tolerated in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. In patients without prior bevacizumab treatment, 83% showed complete or partial response, while in bevacizumab-resistant patients, 62% achieved partial response. This treatment approach warrants further investigation for its potential in improving outcomes for high-grade glioma patients.

NEURO-ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

The abscopal effect: a sense of DNA damage is in the air

Timothy P. Lippert et al.

Summary: Tumor metastasis is crucial for cancer survival. While historically radiation therapy aimed at the primary tumor rarely affected metastasis, there is increasing evidence that combining radiation therapy with immune checkpoint inhibition can lead to abscopal effects. These abscopal effects are attributed to an antitumor immune response, but the initial triggers and specificity remain mysterious.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Cisplatin nanoparticles boost abscopal effect of radiation plus anti-PD1 therapy

Ying Wang et al.

Summary: CDDP-NPs enhance the abscopal effect of radiation therapy by increasing the CD8(+) T cell population, promoting immunogenic cell death, and facilitating CD8(+) T cell infiltration. Additionally, CDDP-NPs induce chemokine secretion, leading to enhanced CD8(+) T cell infiltration in non-irradiated tumors. This study demonstrates the potential of CDDP-NPs in boosting immune activation and overcoming the efficiency limitation of the abscopal effect induced by radiation therapy combined with anti-PD1.

BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE (2021)

Review Cell & Tissue Engineering

Radiotherapy and the immune system: More than just immune suppression

Michael Ruckert et al.

Summary: Radiotherapy aims to achieve local tumor control by inducing DNA damage, with immunological effects that can be both stimulatory and suppressive. Immunotherapies can be combined with radiotherapy to enhance antitumor immune responses or counteract radiotherapy-induced immunosuppression.

STEM CELLS (2021)

Review Immunology

The cGAS-STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases

Alexiane Decout et al.

Summary: The cGAS-STING signaling pathway plays a crucial role in inflammation in infection, cellular stress, and tissue damage settings. It has the ability to sense and regulate cellular responses to DNA and has the potential to be targeted in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Anti-Ly6G binding and trafficking mediate positive neutrophil selection to unleash the anti-tumor efficacy of radiation therapy

Gael Boivin et al.

Summary: The study reveals that incomplete depletion of neutrophils using anti-Ly6G antibodies can promote their oxidative activity and resistance to depletion. Combining anti-Ly6G with radiation therapy leads to long-lasting tumor regression in certain models, with the combination of G-CSF and anti-TNF alpha affecting this effect.

ONCOIMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Targeting TGFβ signal transduction for cancer therapy

Sijia Liu et al.

Summary: TGF beta family members are cytokines with diverse effects on cell fate regulation during development and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of TGF beta signaling can lead to developmental disorders and diseases, including cancer. TGF beta plays a dichotomous role in cancer progression, acting as a tumor suppressor in early stages and a tumor promoter in late stages, with effects on proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

Review Immunology

Genetic models of human and mouse dendritic cell development and function

David A. Anderson et al.

Summary: Genetic models of mouse DC development have helped in understanding the functions of different DC subsets, with classical DCs having specific roles in pathogen detection and cytokine production, while plasmacytoid DCs mainly detect viral infections and produce type I interferon.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity

Filippo Veglia et al.

Summary: MDSCs are pathologically activated cells with potent immunosuppressive activity, closely associated with poor clinical outcomes in diseases like cancer. Recent studies have identified key distinctions between MDSCs and classical neutrophils and monocytes, providing new insights into therapeutic targeting for cancer and autoimmune diseases through understanding their genomic and metabolic characteristics. Emerging data also suggest potential involvement of MDSCs in pregnancy, neonatal biology, and COVID-19.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Myeloid immunosuppression and immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment

Kyohei Nakamura et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Article Oncology

Phase II Trial of Concurrent Atezolizumab With Chemoradiation for Unresectable NSCLC

Steven H. Lin et al.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2020)

Review Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

The abscopal effect 67 years later: from a side story to center stage

Sandra Demaria et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY (2020)

Review Oncology

A review of cancer immunotherapy toxicity

Lucy Boyce Kennedy et al.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2020)

Review Oncology

Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy for Cancer: From Systemic to Multisite

Ainhoa Arina et al.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2020)

Review Oncology

Radiation-induced tissue damage and response

William H. McBride et al.

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2020)

Review Oncology

Immunotherapeutic approaches for small-cell lung cancer

Wade T. Iams et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

NK cells for cancer immunotherapy

Noriko Shimasaki et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2020)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

TGF-β in radiotherapy: Mechanisms of tumor resistance and normal tissues injury

Bagher Farhood et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2020)

Review Oncology

Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Recent Insights and Therapies

Jiawei Zhou et al.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

Antigen presentation by dendritic cells and their instruction of CD4+T helper cell responses

Kerry L. Hilligan et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Transcriptional regulation of Treg homeostasis and functional specification

Ke Wang et al.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tumor-associated macrophages

Luca Cassetta et al.

CURRENT BIOLOGY (2020)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatotoxicity From Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Management Recommendation

Thoetchai (Bee) Peeraphatdit et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of Neutrophils and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Glioma Progression and Treatment Resistance

Sabbir Khan et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Review Immunology

NK Cell-Based Immune Checkpoint Inhibition

Muhammad Khan et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Engineering nanoparticles to reprogram radiotherapy and immunotherapy: recent advances and future challenges

Jing Jin et al.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

Dendritic Cells and Their Role in Immunotherapy

Alycia Gardner et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Small molecules targeting the innate immune cGAS-STING-TBK1 signaling pathway

Chunyong Ding et al.

ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B (2020)

Review Cell Biology

The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Radiation-Induced Cardiovascular Injury

Shanshan Huang et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

Abscopal effect in radioimmunotherapy

Milad Ashrafizadeh et al.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2020)

Review Oncology

Research Progress and Existing Problems for Abscopal Effect

Di Wang et al.

CANCER MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

FLASH Radiotherapy: Current Knowledge and Future Insights Using Proton-Beam Therapy

Jonathan R. Hughes et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Article Oncology

Phase 1/2 Trial of Pembrolizumab and Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy for Limited-Stage SCLC

James W. Welsh et al.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Targeting STAT3 in Cancer Immunotherapy

Sailan Zou et al.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2020)

Article Oncology

Low-dose radiation treatment enhances systemic antitumor immune responses by overcoming the inhibitory stroma

Hampartsoum B. Barsoumian et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Immunostimulatory Effects of Radiotherapy for Local and Systemic Control of Melanoma: A Review

Junko Takahashi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Interaction between Fibroblasts and Immune Cells Following DNA Damage Induced by Ionizing Radiation

Kalaiyarasi Ragunathan et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Impact of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage on cGAS-STING-Mediated Immune Responses to Cancer

Quinn Storozynsky et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Review Immunology

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Tumor Immunity

Yueyun Pan et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Immune checkpoint molecules in natural killer cells as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy

Yuqing Cao et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Ao Huang et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The updated landscape of tumor microenvironment and drug repurposing

Ming-Zhu Jin et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

DNA damage response signaling pathways and targets for radiotherapy sensitization in cancer

Rui-Xue Huang et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The interactions between cGAS-STING pathway and pathogens

Zhangliang Cheng et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tumor-induced neurogenesis and immune evasion as targets of innovative anti-cancer therapies

Rodolfo Daniel Cervantes-Villagrana et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

Review Oncology

Inflammatory microenvironment remodelling by tumour cells after radiotherapy

Martin McLaughlin et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2020)

Article Oncology

NAMPT signaling is critical for the proangiogenic activity of tumor-associated neutrophils

Ekaterina Pylaeva et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2019)

Review Hematology

Neutrophil plasticity in the tumor microenvironment

Morgan A. Giese et al.

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiovascular toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Jiun-Ruey Hu et al.

CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH (2019)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endocrine-Related Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Jeroen de Filette et al.

HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH (2019)

Article Oncology

LXR Signaling Regulates Macrophage Survival and Inflammation in Response to Ionizing Radiation

Carlos Tabraue et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS (2019)

Article Oncology

STAT3 Modulation of Regulatory T Cells in Response to Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer

Ayman J. Oweida et al.

JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE (2019)

Review Oncology

Novel Approaches to Improve the Efficacy of Immuno-Radiotherapy

Maxim Shevtsov et al.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2019)

Review Cell Biology

Cancer-associated fibroblasts in radiotherapy: challenges and new opportunities

Zhanhuai Wang et al.

CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING (2019)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dendritic Cell-Mediated Th2 Immunity and Immune Disorders

Sunil Kumar et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

Review Oncology

Activating cGAS-STING pathway for the optimal effect of cancer immunotherapy

Anping Li et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2019)

Review Oncology

Adverse effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors: epidemiology, management and surveillance

Filipe Martins et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2019)

Review Oncology

Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in Cancer: Going Pro

Lingyun Wu et al.

CANCERS (2019)

Review Oncology

The Tumor Microenvironment Innately Modulates Cancer Progression

Dominique C. Hinshaw et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2019)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tumor Microenvironment as A Game Changer in Cancer Radiotherapy

Magdalena Jarosz-Biej et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Radiation therapy and anti-tumor immunity: exposing immunogenic mutations to the immune system

Claire Lhuillier et al.

GENOME MEDICINE (2019)

Article Pathology

Diversity, Mechanisms, and Significance of Macrophage Plasticity

Massimo Locati et al.

Annual Review of Pathology-Mechanisms of Disease (2019)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Killers 2.0: NK cell therapies at the forefront of cancer control

Jonathan J. Hodgins et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2019)

Article Oncology

Rational combinations of immunotherapy with radiotherapy in ovarian cancer

Fernando G. Herrera et al.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neutrophils promote tumor resistance to radiation therapy

Amy J. Wisdom et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2019)

Review Immunology

Dendritic Cell Metabolism and Function in Tumors

Paolo Giovanelli et al.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

Review Immunology

NK Cell Dysfunction and Checkpoint Immunotherapy

Jiacheng Bi et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

Review Immunology

Human NK Cell Development: One Road or Many?

Frank Cichocki et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

Review Immunology

NK Cell Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironment

Inigo Terren et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

Review Oncology

Small molecule immunomodulation: the tumor microenvironment and overcoming immune escape

Arsen Osipov et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Tumor-reprogrammed resident T cells resist radiation to control tumors

Ainhoa Arina et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

Review Immunology

T Regulatory Cells and Priming the Suppressive Tumor Microenvironment

Christina M. Paluskievicz et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

Review Oncology

The Reciprocity between Radiotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy

Yifan Wang et al.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2019)

Review Oncology

The immunological consequences of radiation-induced DNA damage

Anna C. Wilkins et al.

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2019)

Article Oncology

Time to abandon single-site irradiation for inducing abscopal effects

Eric D. Brooks et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2019)

Editorial Material Pharmacology & Pharmacy

MDSC; the Most Important Cell You Have Never Heard Of

R. J. Tesi

TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2019)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Immune targets in the tumor microenvironment treated by radiotherapy

Omer M. Ozpiskin et al.

THERANOSTICS (2019)

Review Immunology

Role of Radiation Therapy in Modulation of the Tumor Stroma and Microenvironment

Hari Menon et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Radiation-induced heart disease: a review of classification, mechanism and prevention

Heru Wang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2019)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Radiation recall pneumonitis in the setting of immunotherapy and radiation: a focused review

Kerri McGovern et al.

FUTURE SCIENCE OA (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients

V. Gopalakrishnan et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

Article Engineering, Biomedical

Engineering nanoparticle strategies for effective cancer immunotherapy

Hong Yeol Yoon et al.

BIOMATERIALS (2018)

Review Immunology

Implications of macrophage polarization in autoimmunity

Samanta C. Funes et al.

IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

Review Immunology

Immunological Mechanisms Responsible for Radiation-Induced Abscopal Effect

Maria E. Rodriguez-Ruiz et al.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Cancer Radiosensitizers

Hao Wang et al.

TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2018)

Article Oncology

Exosomes Shuttle TREX1-Sensitive IFN-Stimulatory dsDNA from Irradiated Cancer Cells to DCs

Julie M. Diamond et al.

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

TGF-β Control of Adaptive Immune Tolerance: A Break From Treg Cells

Ming Liu et al.

BIOESSAYS (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

In Vivo Irradiation of Mice Induces Activation of Dendritic Cells

Eszter Persa et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2018)

Review Oncology

Abscopal effect of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Yang Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Low dose radiation primed iNOS+M1macrophages modulate angiogenic programming of tumor derived endothelium

Vinod Nadella et al.

MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS (2018)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Low-Dose Radiation Conditioning Enables CAR T Cells to Mitigate Antigen Escape

Carl DeSelm et al.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nuclear envelope assembly defects link mitotic errors to chromothripsis

Shiwei Liu et al.

NATURE (2018)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Overall Survival with Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III NSCLC

S. J. Antonia et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2018)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Radiotherapy and immune response: the systemic effects of a local treatmentY

Heloisa de Andrade Carvalho et al.

CLINICS (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Radiotherapy induces responses of lung cancer to CTLA-4 blockade

Silvia C. Formenti et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2018)

Article Oncology

Radiation-Induced Liver Disease and Modern Radiotherapy

Eugene J. Koay et al.

SEMINARS IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY (2018)

Review Oncology

Using immunotherapy to boost the abscopal effect

Wilfred Ngwa et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2018)

Review Oncology

Exploring optimal sequencing of radiation and immunotherapy combinations

Andrew J. Gunderson et al.

ADVANCES IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY (2018)

Review Dermatology

Dermatologic Reactions to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Skin Toxicities and Immunotherapy

Vincent Sibaud

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY (2018)

Review Oncology

Radiotherapy combination opportunities leveraging immunity for the next oncology practice

Fernanda G. Herrera et al.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2017)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Circulating exosomes and exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancer

R. Nedaeinia et al.

CANCER GENE THERAPY (2017)

Review Cell Biology

Regulatory T cells in cancer immunotherapy

Atsushi Tanaka et al.

CELL RESEARCH (2017)

Review Immunology

Primary and acquired resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cancer treatment

Qiaohong Wang et al.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2017)

Article Immunology

Radiation-induced decrease of CD8+dendritic cells contributes to Thl/Th2 shift

Hu Liu et al.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2017)

Article Oncology

Pneumonitis in Patients Treated With Anti-Programmed Death-1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 Therapy

Jarushka Naidoo et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2017)

Review Oncology

The future of personalised radiotherapy for head and neck cancer

Jimmy J. Caudell et al.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

cGAS surveillance of micronuclei links genome instability to innate immunity

Karen J. Mackenzie et al.

NATURE (2017)

Review Oncology

Radiotherapy and immunotherapy: a beneficial liaison?

Ralph R. Weichselbaum et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2017)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

S. J. Antonia et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2017)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Recent Developments in Radiotherapy

Deborah E. Citrin

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

CCR8+FOXp3+ Treg cells as master drivers of immune regulation

Yiftah Barsheshet et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade

Dung T. Le et al.

SCIENCE (2017)

Review Immunology

NK cell-based immunotherapy for cancer

Fang Fang et al.

SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Host STING-dependent MDSC mobilization drives extrinsic radiation resistance

Hua Liang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

DNA exonuclease Trex1 regulates radiotherapy-induced tumour immunogenicity

Claire Vanpouille-Box et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Article Oncology

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

Dmitry I. Gabrilovich

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2017)

Review Respiratory System

Exosomes as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in lung cancer

Pablo Reclusa et al.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC DISEASE (2017)

Review Immunology

Ionizing Radiation-Induced Immune and Inflammatory Reactions in the Brain

Katalin Lumniczky et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Macrophage biology plays a central role during ionizing radiation-elicited tumor response

Qiuji Wu et al.

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL (2017)

Article Oncology

Neutrophils, a candidate biomarker and target for radiation therapy?

Antoine Schernberg et al.

ACTA ONCOLOGICA (2017)

Review Oncology

Tumor microenvironment and therapeutic response

Ting Wu et al.

CANCER LETTERS (2017)

Review Immunology

Immunogenic cell death in cancer and infectious disease

Lorenzo Galluzzi et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Proton therapy - Present and future

Radhe Mohan et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2017)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Gold nanoparticles for applications in cancer radiotherapy: Mechanisms and recent advancements

Sohyoung Her et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2017)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Redox regulation in tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition: molecular basis and therapeutic strategy

Jingwen Jiang et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2017)

Article Oncology

Type I IFNs induce anti-tumor polarization of tumor associated neutrophils in mice and human

Lisa Andzinski et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2016)

Article Oncology

Selection and expansion of natural killer cells for NK cell-based immunotherapy

Petra S. A. Becker et al.

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY (2016)

Review Oncology

Systematic review of case reports on the abscopal effect

Yazan Abuodeh et al.

CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER (2016)

Article Oncology

The immune mechanisms of abscopal effect in radiation therapy

G. Daniel Grass et al.

CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER (2016)

Article Oncology

A Prospective Clinical Trial Combining Radiation Therapy With Systemic Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma

Susan M. Hiniker et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS (2016)

Review Cell Biology

Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Neutrophils in Tumor Microenvironment

Jaehong Kim et al.

MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION (2016)

Article Oncology

Immunotherapy and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (ISABR): a curative approach?

Michael B. Bernstein et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2016)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Key role for neutrophils in radiation-induced antitumor immune responses: Potentiation with G-CSF

Tsuguhide Takeshima et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2016)

Review Immunology

Induced Regulatory T Cells: Their Development, Stability, and Applications

Mitsuhiro Kanamori et al.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

Review Immunology

Neutrophils in the Tumor Microenvironment

Davalyn R. Powell et al.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

Review Toxicology

Key mechanisms involved in ionizing radiation-induced systemic effects. A current review

Ifigeneia V. Mavragani et al.

TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH (2016)

Review Immunology

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TRENDS IN CANCER (2016)

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Immune Priming of the Tumor Microenvironment by Radiation

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TRENDS IN CANCER (2016)

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TGFβ Is a Master Regulator of Radiation Therapy-Induced Antitumor Immunity

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CANCER RESEARCH (2015)

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JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2015)

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LANCET ONCOLOGY (2015)

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NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Prognostic and Predictive Values of the Immunoscore in Patients with Rectal Cancer

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CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2014)

Review Immunology

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IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2014)

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Low-dose splenic radiation inhibits liver tumor development of rats through functional changes in CD4+CD25+Treg cells

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY (2014)

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MOLECULAR CELL (2014)

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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

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Annual Review of Pathology-Mechanisms of Disease (2013)

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IMMUNITY (2013)

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Combining Radiotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy: A Paradigm Shift

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NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2013)

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NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2012)

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PLOS ONE (2012)

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SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2012)

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FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2012)

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NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2011)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Inhibition of vasculogenesis, but not angiogenesis, prevents the recurrence of glioblastoma after irradiation in mice

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2010)

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Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma

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NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2010)

Review Immunology

The regulation of IL-10 production by immune cells

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NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2010)

Article Biology

Radiation induces an antitumour immune response to mouse melanoma

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY (2009)

Review Oncology

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LANCET ONCOLOGY (2009)

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SCIENCE (2009)

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Selective depletion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induces a scurfy-like disease

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JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2007)

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EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2006)

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