Advances in metal-organic framework-based membranes

Membrane-based separations have garnered considerable attention owing to their high energy efficiency, low capital cost, small carbon footprint, and continuous operation mode. As a class of highly porous crystalline materials with well-defined pore systems and rich chemical functionalities, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated great potential as promising membrane materials over the past few years. Different types of MOF-based membranes, including polycrystalline membranes, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), and nanosheet-based membranes, have been developed for diversified applications with remarkable separation performances. In this comprehensive review, we first discuss the general classification of membranes and outline the historical development of MOF-based membranes. Subsequently, particular attention is devoted to design strategies for MOF-based membranes, along with detailed discussions on the latest advances on these membranes for various gas and liquid separation processes. Finally, challenges and future opportunities for the industrial implementation of these membranes are identified and outlined with the intent of providing insightful guidance on the design and fabrication of high-performance membranes in the future.

Automated summary

Membrane-based separations have attracted considerable attention due to their energy efficiency, low cost, environmental friendliness, and continuous operation. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a type of highly porous crystalline materials, have shown great potential as membrane materials. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the classification, historical development, design strategies, latest advances, and future challenges and opportunities of MOF-based membranes, aiming to guide the design and fabrication of high-performance membranes in the future.