Randall's plaque as the origin of idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formation: an update

The majority of idiopathic calcium oxalate kidney stones form on the Randall's plaque, a subepithelial calcium phosphate plaque at the renal papilla. The formation mechanisms of the Ran-dall's plaque and associated calcium oxalate stones remain incompletely understood. This article pro-vides an historical overview of the research performed on this topic, describes the current epidemi-ological trends of Randall's plaque-associated kidney stone formation and reviews the suggested for-mation mechanisms of Randall's plaque and associated calcium oxalate stones. Finally, this overview highlights the recent advances made on the subject, including the development of an animal model.

Automated summary

This article provides an overview of the formation mechanisms of Randall's plaque and associated calcium oxalate stones, along with a historical and epidemiological perspective. It also highlights recent advances, including the development of an animal model.