期刊
C-JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH
卷 8, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/c8030033
关键词
atmospheric plasma jets; carbonization; carbon nanofibers; electrodes
资金
- German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [13XP5036E]
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [390874152, SPP 2248, 441209207, SFB 1316, 327886311]
In this study, carbonization of polyacrylonitrile nanofiber nonwovens using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet was explored. The resulting carbon nanofiber nonwovens showed high conductivity and surface roughness, making them suitable for supercapacitor electrode applications with good capacitance performance.
Carbon nanofibers are produced from dielectric polymer precursors such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Carbonized nanofiber nonwovens show high surface area and good electrical conductivity, rendering these fiber materials interesting for application as electrodes in batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. However, thermal processing is slow and costly, which is why new processing techniques have been explored for carbon fiber tows. Alternatives for the conversion of PAN-precursors into carbon fiber nonwovens are scarce. Here, we utilize an atmospheric pressure plasma jet to conduct carbonization of stabilized PAN nanofiber nonwovens. We explore the influence of various processing parameters on the conductivity and degree of carbonization of the converted nanofiber material. The precursor fibers are converted by plasma-jet treatment to carbon fiber nonwovens within seconds, by which they develop a rough surface making subsequent surface activation processes obsolete. The resulting carbon nanofiber nonwovens are applied as supercapacitor electrodes and examined by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Nonwovens that are carbonized within 60 s show capacitances of up to 5 F g(-1).
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